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Calculus Examples
Step 1
Consider the difference quotient formula.
Step 2
Step 2.1
Evaluate the function at .
Step 2.1.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 2.1.2
Simplify the result.
Step 2.1.2.1
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.2
Simplify terms.
Step 2.1.2.2.1
Combine and .
Step 2.1.2.2.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.1.2.3
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.1.2.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.2.3.1.1
Reorder the expression.
Step 2.1.2.3.1.1.1
Reorder and .
Step 2.1.2.3.1.1.2
Reorder and .
Step 2.1.2.3.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.2.3.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.2.3.1.4
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.2.3.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.1.2.3.2.1
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.1.2.3.2.2
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.3.2.3
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.3.2.4
Write each expression with a common denominator of , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of .
Step 2.1.2.3.2.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.3.2.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.3.2.4.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.3.2.4.4
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.3.2.5
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.1.2.3.2.6
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.1.2.3.2.6.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.3.2.6.2
Add and .
Step 2.1.2.4
Simplify terms.
Step 2.1.2.4.1
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.1.2.4.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.1.2.4.3
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 2.1.2.4.3.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 2.1.2.4.3.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.2.4.3.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 2.1.2.4.3.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 2.1.2.4.4
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.5
Multiply .
Step 2.1.2.5.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.6
Simplify each term.
Step 2.1.2.6.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.1.2.6.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.7
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.8
Simplify terms.
Step 2.1.2.8.1
Combine and .
Step 2.1.2.8.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.1.2.9
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.1.2.9.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.2.9.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.2.9.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.2.9.2
Multiply .
Step 2.1.2.9.2.1
Reorder terms.
Step 2.1.2.9.2.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.1.2.9.2.2.1
Move .
Step 2.1.2.9.2.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.1.2.9.2.2.3
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.9.2.2.4
Write each expression with a common denominator of , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of .
Step 2.1.2.9.2.2.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.9.2.2.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.9.2.2.5
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.1.2.9.2.2.6
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.1.2.9.2.2.6.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.9.2.2.6.2
Add and .
Step 2.1.2.10
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.11
Combine and .
Step 2.1.2.12
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.1.2.13
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.2.13.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.2.13.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.2.14
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.2.15
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.2.16
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.2.17
Rewrite as .
Step 2.1.2.18
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.2.19
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.2.20
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.2.21
Simplify the expression.
Step 2.1.2.21.1
Rewrite as .
Step 2.1.2.21.2
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.1.2.22
The final answer is .
Step 2.2
Find the components of the definition.
Step 3
Plug in the components.
Step 4
Step 4.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 4.1.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.1.2
Simplify.
Step 4.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.2.3
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.3
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 4.1.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 4.1.5
Simplify the numerator.
Step 4.1.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.5.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.5.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.5.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.5.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.1.5.3
Simplify.
Step 4.1.5.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.5.3.2
Multiply .
Step 4.1.5.3.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.5.3.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.5.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.5.3.4
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.6
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 4.1.7
Combine and .
Step 4.1.8
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 4.1.9
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.9.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.9.2
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.10
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 4.1.11
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 4.1.12
Simplify the numerator.
Step 4.1.12.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.12.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.12.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.12.2
Add and .
Step 4.1.12.3
Add and .
Step 4.1.13
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 4.1.14
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 4.1.15
Write each expression with a common denominator of , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of .
Step 4.1.15.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.15.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.15.3
Reorder the factors of .
Step 4.1.16
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 4.1.17
Simplify the numerator.
Step 4.1.17.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.17.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.17.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.17.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.17.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.1.17.3
Simplify.
Step 4.1.17.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.17.3.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 4.1.17.3.2.1
Move .
Step 4.1.17.3.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 4.1.17.3.2.3
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 4.1.17.3.2.4
Write each expression with a common denominator of , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of .
Step 4.1.17.3.2.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.17.3.2.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.17.3.2.5
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 4.1.17.3.2.6
Simplify the numerator.
Step 4.1.17.3.2.6.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.17.3.2.6.2
Add and .
Step 4.1.17.3.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 4.1.17.3.3.1
Move .
Step 4.1.17.3.3.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 4.1.17.3.3.3
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 4.1.17.3.3.4
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 4.1.17.3.3.5
Write each expression with a common denominator of , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of .
Step 4.1.17.3.3.5.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.17.3.3.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.17.3.3.5.3
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.17.3.3.5.4
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.17.3.3.6
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 4.1.17.3.3.7
Simplify the numerator.
Step 4.1.17.3.3.7.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.17.3.3.7.2
Add and .
Step 4.2
Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.
Step 4.3
Combine.
Step 4.4
Multiply by .
Step 4.5
Factor out of .
Step 4.6
Factor out of .
Step 4.7
Factor out of .
Step 4.8
Factor out of .
Step 4.9
Factor out of .
Step 4.10
Factor out of .
Step 4.11
Factor out of .
Step 4.12
Factor out of .
Step 4.13
Factor out of .
Step 4.14
Factor out of .
Step 4.15
Simplify the expression.
Step 4.15.1
Rewrite as .
Step 4.15.2
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 4.15.3
Reorder factors in .
Step 5