Calculus Examples

$lim_{h \to 0} \frac{{(2 + h)}^{- 3} - 2^{- 3}}{h}$

Step 1

Evaluate the limit.

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Step 1.1

Simplify the limit argument.

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Step 1.1.1

Convert negative exponents to fractions.

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Step 1.1.1.1

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\frac{1}{{(2 + h)}^{3}} - 2^{- 3}}{h}$

Step 1.1.1.2

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\frac{1}{{(2 + h)}^{3}} - \frac{1}{2^{3}}}{h}$

Step 1.1.2

Combine terms.

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Step 1.1.2.1

To write $\frac{1}{{(2 + h)}^{3}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2^{3}}{2^{3}}$ .

$lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\frac{1}{{(2 + h)}^{3}} \cdot \frac{2^{3}}{2^{3}} - \frac{1}{2^{3}}}{h}$

Step 1.1.2.2

To write $- \frac{1}{2^{3}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{{(2 + h)}^{3}}{{(2 + h)}^{3}}$ .

$lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\frac{1}{{(2 + h)}^{3}} \cdot \frac{2^{3}}{2^{3}} - \frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{{(2 + h)}^{3}}{{(2 + h)}^{3}}}{h}$

Step 1.1.2.3

Write each expression with a common denominator of ${(2 + h)}^{3} \cdot 2^{3}$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

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Step 1.1.2.3.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{{(2 + h)}^{3}}$ by $\frac{2^{3}}{2^{3}}$ .

$lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\frac{2^{3}}{{(2 + h)}^{3} \cdot 2^{3}} - \frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{{(2 + h)}^{3}}{{(2 + h)}^{3}}}{h}$

Step 1.1.2.3.2

Multiply $\frac{1}{2^{3}}$ by $\frac{{(2 + h)}^{3}}{{(2 + h)}^{3}}$ .

$lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\frac{2^{3}}{{(2 + h)}^{3} \cdot 2^{3}} - \frac{{(2 + h)}^{3}}{2^{3} {(2 + h)}^{3}}}{h}$

Step 1.1.2.3.3

Reorder the factors of ${(2 + h)}^{3} \cdot 2^{3}$ .

$lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\frac{2^{3}}{2^{3} {(2 + h)}^{3}} - \frac{{(2 + h)}^{3}}{2^{3} {(2 + h)}^{3}}}{h}$

Step 1.1.2.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\frac{2^{3} - {(2 + h)}^{3}}{2^{3} {(2 + h)}^{3}}}{h}$

Step 1.2

Simplify the limit argument.

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Step 1.2.1

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$lim_{h \to 0} \frac{2^{3} - {(2 + h)}^{3}}{2^{3} {(2 + h)}^{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{h}$

Step 1.2.2

Multiply $\frac{2^{3} - {(2 + h)}^{3}}{2^{3} {(2 + h)}^{3}}$ by $\frac{1}{h}$ .

$lim_{h \to 0} \frac{2^{3} - {(2 + h)}^{3}}{2^{3} {(2 + h)}^{3} h}$

Step 1.3

Move the term $\frac{1}{2^{3}}$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{2^{3} - {(2 + h)}^{3}}{{(2 + h)}^{3} h}$

Step 2

Apply L'Hospital's rule.

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Step 2.1

Evaluate the limit of the numerator and the limit of the denominator.

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Step 2.1.1

Take the limit of the numerator and the limit of the denominator.

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{lim_{h \to 0} 2^{3} - {(2 + h)}^{3}}{lim_{h \to 0} {(2 + h)}^{3} h}$

Step 2.1.2

Evaluate the limit of the numerator.

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Step 2.1.2.1

Evaluate the limit.

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Step 2.1.2.1.1

Split the limit using the Sum of Limits Rule on the limit as $h$ approaches $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{lim_{h \to 0} 2^{3} - lim_{h \to 0} {(2 + h)}^{3}}{lim_{h \to 0} {(2 + h)}^{3} h}$

Step 2.1.2.1.2

Evaluate the limit of $2^{3}$ which is constant as $h$ approaches $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{2^{3} - lim_{h \to 0} {(2 + h)}^{3}}{lim_{h \to 0} {(2 + h)}^{3} h}$

Step 2.1.2.1.3

Move the exponent $3$ from ${(2 + h)}^{3}$ outside the limit using the Limits Power Rule.

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{2^{3} - {(lim_{h \to 0} 2 + h)}^{3}}{lim_{h \to 0} {(2 + h)}^{3} h}$

Step 2.1.2.1.4

Split the limit using the Sum of Limits Rule on the limit as $h$ approaches $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{2^{3} - {(lim_{h \to 0} 2 + lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{3}}{lim_{h \to 0} {(2 + h)}^{3} h}$

Step 2.1.2.1.5

Evaluate the limit of $2$ which is constant as $h$ approaches $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{2^{3} - {(2 + lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{3}}{lim_{h \to 0} {(2 + h)}^{3} h}$

Step 2.1.2.2

Evaluate the limit of $h$ by plugging in $0$ for $h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{2^{3} - {(2 + 0)}^{3}}{lim_{h \to 0} {(2 + h)}^{3} h}$

Step 2.1.2.3

Simplify the answer.

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Step 2.1.2.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.1.2.3.1.1

Raise $2$ to the power of $3$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{8 - {(2 + 0)}^{3}}{lim_{h \to 0} {(2 + h)}^{3} h}$

Step 2.1.2.3.1.2

Add $2$ and $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{8 - 2^{3}}{lim_{h \to 0} {(2 + h)}^{3} h}$

Step 2.1.2.3.1.3

Raise $2$ to the power of $3$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{8 - 1 \cdot 8}{lim_{h \to 0} {(2 + h)}^{3} h}$

Step 2.1.2.3.1.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $8$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{8 - 8}{lim_{h \to 0} {(2 + h)}^{3} h}$

Step 2.1.2.3.2

Subtract $8$ from $8$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{0}{lim_{h \to 0} {(2 + h)}^{3} h}$

Step 2.1.3

Evaluate the limit of the denominator.

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Step 2.1.3.1

Split the limit using the Product of Limits Rule on the limit as $h$ approaches $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{0}{lim_{h \to 0} {(2 + h)}^{3} \cdot lim_{h \to 0} h}$

Step 2.1.3.2

Move the exponent $3$ from ${(2 + h)}^{3}$ outside the limit using the Limits Power Rule.

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{0}{{(lim_{h \to 0} 2 + h)}^{3} \cdot lim_{h \to 0} h}$

Step 2.1.3.3

Split the limit using the Sum of Limits Rule on the limit as $h$ approaches $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{0}{{(lim_{h \to 0} 2 + lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{3} \cdot lim_{h \to 0} h}$

Step 2.1.3.4

Evaluate the limit of $2$ which is constant as $h$ approaches $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{0}{{(2 + lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{3} \cdot lim_{h \to 0} h}$

Step 2.1.3.5

Evaluate the limits by plugging in $0$ for all occurrences of $h$ .

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Step 2.1.3.5.1

Evaluate the limit of $h$ by plugging in $0$ for $h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{0}{{(2 + 0)}^{3} \cdot lim_{h \to 0} h}$

Step 2.1.3.5.2

Evaluate the limit of $h$ by plugging in $0$ for $h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{0}{{(2 + 0)}^{3} \cdot 0}$

Step 2.1.3.6

Simplify the answer.

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Step 2.1.3.6.1

Add $2$ and $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{0}{2^{3} \cdot 0}$

Step 2.1.3.6.2

Raise $2$ to the power of $3$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{0}{8 \cdot 0}$

Step 2.1.3.6.3

Multiply $8$ by $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{0}{0}$

Step 2.1.3.6.4

The expression contains a division by $0$ . The expression is undefined.

Undefined

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{0}{0}$

Step 2.1.3.7

The expression contains a division by $0$ . The expression is undefined.

Undefined

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{0}{0}$

Step 2.1.4

The expression contains a division by $0$ . The expression is undefined.

Undefined

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot \frac{0}{0}$

Step 2.2

Since $\frac{0}{0}$ is of indeterminate form, apply L'Hospital's Rule. L'Hospital's Rule states that the limit of a quotient of functions is equal to the limit of the quotient of their derivatives.

$lim_{h \to 0} \frac{2^{3} - {(2 + h)}^{3}}{{(2 + h)}^{3} h} = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\frac{d}{d h} [2^{3} - {(2 + h)}^{3}]}{\frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3} h]}$

Step 2.3

Find the derivative of the numerator and denominator.

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Step 2.3.1

Differentiate the numerator and denominator.

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\frac{d}{d h} [2^{3} - {(2 + h)}^{3}]}{\frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3} h]}$

Step 2.3.2

Raise $2$ to the power of $3$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\frac{d}{d h} [8 - {(2 + h)}^{3}]}{\frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3} h]}$

Step 2.3.3

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $8 - {(2 + h)}^{3}$ with respect to $h$ is $\frac{d}{d h} [8] + \frac{d}{d h} [- {(2 + h)}^{3}]$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\frac{d}{d h} [8] + \frac{d}{d h} [- {(2 + h)}^{3}]}{\frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3} h]}$

Step 2.3.4

Since $8$ is constant with respect to $h$ , the derivative of $8$ with respect to $h$ is $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{0 + \frac{d}{d h} [- {(2 + h)}^{3}]}{\frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3} h]}$

Step 2.3.5

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d h} [- {(2 + h)}^{3}]$ .

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Step 2.3.5.1

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $h$ , the derivative of $- {(2 + h)}^{3}$ with respect to $h$ is $- \frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3}]$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{0 - \frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3}]}{\frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3} h]}$

Step 2.3.5.2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d h} [f (g (h))]$ is $f' (g (h)) g' (h)$ where $f (h) = h^{3}$ and $g (h) = 2 + h$ .

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Step 2.3.5.2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $2 + h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{0 - \frac{d}{d u} [u^{3}] \frac{d}{d h} [2 + h]}{\frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3} h]}$

Step 2.3.5.2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{0 - 1 \cdot 3 u^{2} \frac{d}{d h} [2 + h]}{\frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3} h]}$

Step 2.3.5.2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $2 + h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{0 - 1 \cdot 3 {(2 + h)}^{2} \frac{d}{d h} [2 + h]}{\frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3} h]}$

Step 2.3.5.3

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $2 + h$ with respect to $h$ is $\frac{d}{d h} [2] + \frac{d}{d h} [h]$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{0 - 1 \cdot 3 {(2 + h)}^{2} (\frac{d}{d h} [2] + \frac{d}{d h} [h])}{\frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3} h]}$

Step 2.3.5.4

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $h$ , the derivative of $2$ with respect to $h$ is $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{0 - 1 \cdot 3 {(2 + h)}^{2} (0 + \frac{d}{d h} [h])}{\frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3} h]}$

Step 2.3.5.5

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d h} [h^{n}]$ is $n h^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{0 - 1 \cdot 3 {(2 + h)}^{2} (0 + 1)}{\frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3} h]}$

Step 2.3.5.6

Add $0$ and $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{0 - 1 \cdot 3 {(2 + h)}^{2} \cdot 1}{\frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3} h]}$

Step 2.3.5.7

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{0 - 1 \cdot 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{\frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3} h]}$

Step 2.3.5.8

Multiply $3$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{0 - 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{\frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3} h]}$

Step 2.3.6

Subtract $3 {(2 + h)}^{2}$ from $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{\frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3} h]}$

Step 2.3.7

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d h} [f (h) g (h)]$ is $f (h) \frac{d}{d h} [g (h)] + g (h) \frac{d}{d h} [f (h)]$ where $f (h) = {(2 + h)}^{3}$ and $g (h) = h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{{(2 + h)}^{3} \frac{d}{d h} [h] + h \frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3}]}$

Step 2.3.8

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d h} [h^{n}]$ is $n h^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{{(2 + h)}^{3} \cdot 1 + h \frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3}]}$

Step 2.3.9

Multiply ${(2 + h)}^{3}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{{(2 + h)}^{3} + h \frac{d}{d h} [{(2 + h)}^{3}]}$

Step 2.3.10

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d h} [f (g (h))]$ is $f' (g (h)) g' (h)$ where $f (h) = h^{3}$ and $g (h) = 2 + h$ .

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Step 2.3.10.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $2 + h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{{(2 + h)}^{3} + h \frac{d}{d u} [u^{3}] \frac{d}{d h} [2 + h]}$

Step 2.3.10.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{{(2 + h)}^{3} + h \cdot 3 u^{2} \frac{d}{d h} [2 + h]}$

Step 2.3.10.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $2 + h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{{(2 + h)}^{3} + h \cdot 3 {(2 + h)}^{2} \frac{d}{d h} [2 + h]}$

Step 2.3.11

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $2 + h$ with respect to $h$ is $\frac{d}{d h} [2] + \frac{d}{d h} [h]$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{{(2 + h)}^{3} + h \cdot 3 {(2 + h)}^{2} (\frac{d}{d h} [2] + \frac{d}{d h} [h])}$

Step 2.3.12

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $h$ , the derivative of $2$ with respect to $h$ is $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{{(2 + h)}^{3} + h \cdot 3 {(2 + h)}^{2} (0 + \frac{d}{d h} [h])}$

Step 2.3.13

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d h} [h]$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{{(2 + h)}^{3} + h \cdot 3 {(2 + h)}^{2} \frac{d}{d h} [h]}$

Step 2.3.14

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d h} [h^{n}]$ is $n h^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{{(2 + h)}^{3} + h \cdot 3 {(2 + h)}^{2} \cdot 1}$

Step 2.3.15

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{{(2 + h)}^{3} + h \cdot 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}$

Step 2.3.16

Simplify.

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Step 2.3.16.1

Factor ${(2 + h)}^{2}$ out of ${(2 + h)}^{3} + h (3 {(2 + h)}^{2})$ .

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Step 2.3.16.1.1

Factor ${(2 + h)}^{2}$ out of ${(2 + h)}^{3}$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{{(2 + h)}^{2} (2 + h) + h \cdot 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}$

Step 2.3.16.1.2

Factor ${(2 + h)}^{2}$ out of $h (3 {(2 + h)}^{2})$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{{(2 + h)}^{2} (2 + h) + {(2 + h)}^{2} h \cdot 3}$

Step 2.3.16.1.3

Factor ${(2 + h)}^{2}$ out of ${(2 + h)}^{2} (2 + h) + {(2 + h)}^{2} (h \cdot (3))$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{{(2 + h)}^{2} (2 + h + h \cdot (3))}$

Step 2.3.16.2

Combine terms.

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Step 2.3.16.2.1

Move $3$ to the left of $h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{{(2 + h)}^{2} (2 + h + 3 \cdot h)}$

Step 2.3.16.2.2

Add $h$ and $3 h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{{(2 + h)}^{2} (2 + 4 h)}$

Step 2.3.16.3

Rewrite ${(2 + h)}^{2}$ as $(2 + h) (2 + h)$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{(2 + h) (2 + h) (2 + 4 h)}$

Step 2.3.16.4

Expand $(2 + h) (2 + h)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 2.3.16.4.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{(2 (2 + h) + h (2 + h)) (2 + 4 h)}$

Step 2.3.16.4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{(2 \cdot 2 + 2 h + h (2 + h)) (2 + 4 h)}$

Step 2.3.16.4.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{(2 \cdot 2 + 2 h + h \cdot 2 + h \cdot h) (2 + 4 h)}$

Step 2.3.16.5

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 2.3.16.5.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.3.16.5.1.1

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{(4 + 2 h + h \cdot 2 + h \cdot h) (2 + 4 h)}$

Step 2.3.16.5.1.2

Move $2$ to the left of $h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{(4 + 2 h + 2 \cdot h + h \cdot h) (2 + 4 h)}$

Step 2.3.16.5.1.3

Multiply $h$ by $h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{(4 + 2 h + 2 h + h^{2}) (2 + 4 h)}$

Step 2.3.16.5.2

Add $2 h$ and $2 h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{(4 + 4 h + h^{2}) (2 + 4 h)}$

Step 2.3.16.6

Expand $(4 + 4 h + h^{2}) (2 + 4 h)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{4 \cdot 2 + 4 \cdot 4 h + 4 h \cdot 2 + 4 h \cdot 4 h + h^{2} \cdot 2 + h^{2} \cdot 4 h}$

Step 2.3.16.7

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.3.16.7.1

Multiply $4$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{8 + 4 \cdot 4 h + 4 h \cdot 2 + 4 h \cdot 4 h + h^{2} \cdot 2 + h^{2} \cdot 4 h}$

Step 2.3.16.7.2

Multiply $4$ by $4$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{8 + 16 h + 4 h \cdot 2 + 4 h \cdot 4 h + h^{2} \cdot 2 + h^{2} \cdot 4 h}$

Step 2.3.16.7.3

Multiply $2$ by $4$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{8 + 16 h + 8 h + 4 h \cdot 4 h + h^{2} \cdot 2 + h^{2} \cdot 4 h}$

Step 2.3.16.7.4

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{8 + 16 h + 8 h + 4 \cdot 4 h \cdot h + h^{2} \cdot 2 + h^{2} \cdot 4 h}$

Step 2.3.16.7.5

Multiply $h$ by $h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{8 + 16 h + 8 h + 4 \cdot 4 h^{2} + h^{2} \cdot 2 + h^{2} \cdot 4 h}$

Step 2.3.16.7.6

Multiply $4$ by $4$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{8 + 16 h + 8 h + 16 h^{2} + h^{2} \cdot 2 + h^{2} \cdot 4 h}$

Step 2.3.16.7.7

Move $2$ to the left of $h^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{8 + 16 h + 8 h + 16 h^{2} + 2 \cdot h^{2} + h^{2} \cdot 4 h}$

Step 2.3.16.7.8

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{8 + 16 h + 8 h + 16 h^{2} + 2 h^{2} + 4 h^{2} h}$

Step 2.3.16.7.9

Multiply $h^{2}$ by $h$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.3.16.7.9.1

Move $h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{8 + 16 h + 8 h + 16 h^{2} + 2 h^{2} + 4 h \cdot h^{2}}$

Step 2.3.16.7.9.2

Multiply $h$ by $h^{2}$ .

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Step 2.3.16.7.9.2.1

Raise $h$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{8 + 16 h + 8 h + 16 h^{2} + 2 h^{2} + 4 h^{1} h^{2}}$

Step 2.3.16.7.9.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{8 + 16 h + 8 h + 16 h^{2} + 2 h^{2} + 4 h^{1 + 2}}$

Step 2.3.16.7.9.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{8 + 16 h + 8 h + 16 h^{2} + 2 h^{2} + 4 h^{3}}$

Step 2.3.16.8

Add $16 h$ and $8 h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{8 + 24 h + 16 h^{2} + 2 h^{2} + 4 h^{3}}$

Step 2.3.16.9

Add $16 h^{2}$ and $2 h^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} lim_{h \to 0} \frac{- 3 {(2 + h)}^{2}}{8 + 24 h + 18 h^{2} + 4 h^{3}}$

Step 3

Evaluate the limit.

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Step 3.1

Move the term $- 3$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot - 3 lim_{h \to 0} \frac{{(2 + h)}^{2}}{8 + 24 h + 18 h^{2} + 4 h^{3}}$

Step 3.2

Split the limit using the Limits Quotient Rule on the limit as $h$ approaches $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot - 3 \frac{lim_{h \to 0} {(2 + h)}^{2}}{lim_{h \to 0} 8 + 24 h + 18 h^{2} + 4 h^{3}}$

Step 3.3

Move the exponent $2$ from ${(2 + h)}^{2}$ outside the limit using the Limits Power Rule.

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot - 3 \frac{{(lim_{h \to 0} 2 + h)}^{2}}{lim_{h \to 0} 8 + 24 h + 18 h^{2} + 4 h^{3}}$

Step 3.4

Split the limit using the Sum of Limits Rule on the limit as $h$ approaches $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot - 3 \frac{{(lim_{h \to 0} 2 + lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{2}}{lim_{h \to 0} 8 + 24 h + 18 h^{2} + 4 h^{3}}$

Step 3.5

Evaluate the limit of $2$ which is constant as $h$ approaches $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot - 3 \frac{{(2 + lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{2}}{lim_{h \to 0} 8 + 24 h + 18 h^{2} + 4 h^{3}}$

Step 3.6

Split the limit using the Sum of Limits Rule on the limit as $h$ approaches $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot - 3 \frac{{(2 + lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{2}}{lim_{h \to 0} 8 + lim_{h \to 0} 24 h + lim_{h \to 0} 18 h^{2} + lim_{h \to 0} 4 h^{3}}$

Step 3.7

Evaluate the limit of $8$ which is constant as $h$ approaches $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot - 3 \frac{{(2 + lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{2}}{8 + lim_{h \to 0} 24 h + lim_{h \to 0} 18 h^{2} + lim_{h \to 0} 4 h^{3}}$

Step 3.8

Move the term $24$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot - 3 \frac{{(2 + lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{2}}{8 + 24 lim_{h \to 0} h + lim_{h \to 0} 18 h^{2} + lim_{h \to 0} 4 h^{3}}$

Step 3.9

Move the term $18$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot - 3 \frac{{(2 + lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{2}}{8 + 24 lim_{h \to 0} h + 18 lim_{h \to 0} h^{2} + lim_{h \to 0} 4 h^{3}}$

Step 3.10

Move the exponent $2$ from $h^{2}$ outside the limit using the Limits Power Rule.

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot - 3 \frac{{(2 + lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{2}}{8 + 24 lim_{h \to 0} h + 18 {(lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{2} + lim_{h \to 0} 4 h^{3}}$

Step 3.11

Move the term $4$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot - 3 \frac{{(2 + lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{2}}{8 + 24 lim_{h \to 0} h + 18 {(lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{2} + 4 lim_{h \to 0} h^{3}}$

Step 3.12

Move the exponent $3$ from $h^{3}$ outside the limit using the Limits Power Rule.

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot - 3 \frac{{(2 + lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{2}}{8 + 24 lim_{h \to 0} h + 18 {(lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{2} + 4 {(lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{3}}$

Step 4

Evaluate the limits by plugging in $0$ for all occurrences of $h$ .

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Step 4.1

Evaluate the limit of $h$ by plugging in $0$ for $h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot - 3 \frac{{(2 + 0)}^{2}}{8 + 24 lim_{h \to 0} h + 18 {(lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{2} + 4 {(lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{3}}$

Step 4.2

Evaluate the limit of $h$ by plugging in $0$ for $h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot - 3 \frac{{(2 + 0)}^{2}}{8 + 24 \cdot 0 + 18 {(lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{2} + 4 {(lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{3}}$

Step 4.3

Evaluate the limit of $h$ by plugging in $0$ for $h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot - 3 \frac{{(2 + 0)}^{2}}{8 + 24 \cdot 0 + 18 \cdot 0^{2} + 4 {(lim_{h \to 0} h)}^{3}}$

Step 4.4

Evaluate the limit of $h$ by plugging in $0$ for $h$ .

$\frac{1}{2^{3}} \cdot - 3 \frac{{(2 + 0)}^{2}}{8 + 24 \cdot 0 + 18 \cdot 0^{2} + 4 \cdot 0^{3}}$

Step 5

Simplify the answer.

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Step 5.1

Raise $2$ to the power of $3$ .

$\frac{1}{8} \cdot - 3 \frac{{(2 + 0)}^{2}}{8 + 24 \cdot 0 + 18 \cdot 0^{2} + 4 \cdot 0^{3}}$

Step 5.2

Combine $\frac{1}{8}$ and $- 3$ .

$\frac{- 3}{8} \cdot \frac{{(2 + 0)}^{2}}{8 + 24 \cdot 0 + 18 \cdot 0^{2} + 4 \cdot 0^{3}}$

Step 5.3

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{3}{8} \cdot \frac{{(2 + 0)}^{2}}{8 + 24 \cdot 0 + 18 \cdot 0^{2} + 4 \cdot 0^{3}}$

Step 5.4

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 5.4.1

Add $2$ and $0$ .

$- \frac{3}{8} \cdot \frac{2^{2}}{8 + 24 \cdot 0 + 18 \cdot 0^{2} + 4 \cdot 0^{3}}$

Step 5.4.2

Raise $2$ to the power of $2$ .

$- \frac{3}{8} \cdot \frac{4}{8 + 24 \cdot 0 + 18 \cdot 0^{2} + 4 \cdot 0^{3}}$

Step 5.5

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 5.5.1

Multiply $24$ by $0$ .

$- \frac{3}{8} \cdot \frac{4}{8 + 0 + 18 \cdot 0^{2} + 4 \cdot 0^{3}}$

Step 5.5.2

Raising $0$ to any positive power yields $0$ .

$- \frac{3}{8} \cdot \frac{4}{8 + 0 + 18 \cdot 0 + 4 \cdot 0^{3}}$

Step 5.5.3

Multiply $18$ by $0$ .

$- \frac{3}{8} \cdot \frac{4}{8 + 0 + 0 + 4 \cdot 0^{3}}$

Step 5.5.4

Raising $0$ to any positive power yields $0$ .

$- \frac{3}{8} \cdot \frac{4}{8 + 0 + 0 + 4 \cdot 0}$

Step 5.5.5

Multiply $4$ by $0$ .

$- \frac{3}{8} \cdot \frac{4}{8 + 0 + 0 + 0}$

Step 5.5.6

Add $8 + 0 + 0$ and $0$ .

$- \frac{3}{8} \cdot \frac{4}{8 + 0 + 0}$

Step 5.5.7

Add $8 + 0$ and $0$ .

$- \frac{3}{8} \cdot \frac{4}{8 + 0}$

Step 5.5.8

Add $8$ and $0$ .

$- \frac{3}{8} \cdot \frac{4}{8}$

Step 5.6

Cancel the common factor of $4$ .

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Step 5.6.1

Move the leading negative in $- \frac{3}{8}$ into the numerator.

$\frac{- 3}{8} \cdot \frac{4}{8}$

Step 5.6.2

Factor $4$ out of $8$ .

$\frac{- 3}{4 (2)} \cdot \frac{4}{8}$

Step 5.6.3

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- 3}{4 \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{4}{8}$

Step 5.6.4

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- 3}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{8}$

Step 5.7

Multiply $\frac{- 3}{2}$ by $\frac{1}{8}$ .

$\frac{- 3}{2 \cdot 8}$

Step 5.8

Multiply $2$ by $8$ .

$\frac{- 3}{16}$

Step 5.9

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{3}{16}$

Step 6

The result can be shown in multiple forms.

Exact Form:

$- \frac{3}{16}$

Decimal Form:

$- 0.1875$