Calculus Examples

$\frac{lim_{x \to 1} x^{4} - 5 x^{3} + 9 x^{2} - 7 x + 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 1

Split the limit using the Sum of Limits Rule on the limit as $x$ approaches $1$ .

$\frac{lim_{x \to 1} x^{4} - lim_{x \to 1} 5 x^{3} + lim_{x \to 1} 9 x^{2} - lim_{x \to 1} 7 x + lim_{x \to 1} 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 2

Move the exponent $4$ from $x^{4}$ outside the limit using the Limits Power Rule.

$\frac{{(lim_{x \to 1} x)}^{4} - lim_{x \to 1} 5 x^{3} + lim_{x \to 1} 9 x^{2} - lim_{x \to 1} 7 x + lim_{x \to 1} 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 3

Move the term $5$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $x$ .

$\frac{{(lim_{x \to 1} x)}^{4} - 5 lim_{x \to 1} x^{3} + lim_{x \to 1} 9 x^{2} - lim_{x \to 1} 7 x + lim_{x \to 1} 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 4

Move the exponent $3$ from $x^{3}$ outside the limit using the Limits Power Rule.

$\frac{{(lim_{x \to 1} x)}^{4} - 5 {(lim_{x \to 1} x)}^{3} + lim_{x \to 1} 9 x^{2} - lim_{x \to 1} 7 x + lim_{x \to 1} 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 5

Move the term $9$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $x$ .

$\frac{{(lim_{x \to 1} x)}^{4} - 5 {(lim_{x \to 1} x)}^{3} + 9 lim_{x \to 1} x^{2} - lim_{x \to 1} 7 x + lim_{x \to 1} 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 6

Move the exponent $2$ from $x^{2}$ outside the limit using the Limits Power Rule.

$\frac{{(lim_{x \to 1} x)}^{4} - 5 {(lim_{x \to 1} x)}^{3} + 9 {(lim_{x \to 1} x)}^{2} - lim_{x \to 1} 7 x + lim_{x \to 1} 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 7

Move the term $7$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $x$ .

$\frac{{(lim_{x \to 1} x)}^{4} - 5 {(lim_{x \to 1} x)}^{3} + 9 {(lim_{x \to 1} x)}^{2} - 7 lim_{x \to 1} x + lim_{x \to 1} 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 8

Evaluate the limit of $2$ which is constant as $x$ approaches $1$ .

$\frac{{(lim_{x \to 1} x)}^{4} - 5 {(lim_{x \to 1} x)}^{3} + 9 {(lim_{x \to 1} x)}^{2} - 7 lim_{x \to 1} x + 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 9

Evaluate the limits by plugging in $1$ for all occurrences of $x$ .

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Step 9.1

Evaluate the limit of $x$ by plugging in $1$ for $x$ .

$\frac{1^{4} - 5 {(lim_{x \to 1} x)}^{3} + 9 {(lim_{x \to 1} x)}^{2} - 7 lim_{x \to 1} x + 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 9.2

Evaluate the limit of $x$ by plugging in $1$ for $x$ .

$\frac{1^{4} - 5 \cdot 1^{3} + 9 {(lim_{x \to 1} x)}^{2} - 7 lim_{x \to 1} x + 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 9.3

Evaluate the limit of $x$ by plugging in $1$ for $x$ .

$\frac{1^{4} - 5 \cdot 1^{3} + 9 \cdot 1^{2} - 7 lim_{x \to 1} x + 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 9.4

Evaluate the limit of $x$ by plugging in $1$ for $x$ .

$\frac{1^{4} - 5 \cdot 1^{3} + 9 \cdot 1^{2} - 7 \cdot 1 + 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 10

Simplify the answer.

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Step 10.1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 10.1.1

One to any power is one.

$\frac{1 - 5 \cdot 1^{3} + 9 \cdot 1^{2} - 7 \cdot 1 + 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 10.1.2

One to any power is one.

$\frac{1 - 5 \cdot 1 + 9 \cdot 1^{2} - 7 \cdot 1 + 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 10.1.3

Multiply $- 5$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1 - 5 + 9 \cdot 1^{2} - 7 \cdot 1 + 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 10.1.4

One to any power is one.

$\frac{1 - 5 + 9 \cdot 1 - 7 \cdot 1 + 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 10.1.5

Multiply $9$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1 - 5 + 9 - 7 \cdot 1 + 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 10.1.6

Multiply $- 7$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1 - 5 + 9 - 7 + 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 10.1.7

Subtract $5$ from $1$ .

$\frac{- 4 + 9 - 7 + 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 10.1.8

Add $- 4$ and $9$ .

$\frac{5 - 7 + 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 10.1.9

Subtract $7$ from $5$ .

$\frac{- 2 + 2}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 10.1.10

Add $- 2$ and $2$ .

$\frac{0}{x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1}$

Step 10.2

Divide $0$ by $x^{4} - 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} - 1$ .

$0$