Calculus Examples

$y = {(x - 2)}^{2}$ , $y = x$

Step 1

To find the volume of the solid, first define the area of each slice then integrate across the range. The area of each slice is the area of a circle with radius $f (x)$ and $A = π r^{2}$ .

$V = π \int_{1}^{4} {(f (x))}^{2} - {(g (x))}^{2} d x$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = x^{2} - 4 x + 4$

Step 2

Simplify the integrand.

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Step 2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.1.1

Rewrite ${(x^{2} - 4 x + 4)}^{2}$ as $(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) (x^{2} - 4 x + 4)$ .

$V = x^{2} - ((x^{2} - 4 x + 4) (x^{2} - 4 x + 4))$

Step 2.1.2

Expand $(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) (x^{2} - 4 x + 4)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$V = x^{2} - (x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} (- 4 x) + x^{2} \cdot 4 - 4 x \cdot x^{2} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4)$

Step 2.1.3

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.1.3.1

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.1.3.1.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$V = x^{2} - (x^{2 + 2} + x^{2} (- 4 x) + x^{2} \cdot 4 - 4 x \cdot x^{2} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4)$

Step 2.1.3.1.2

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} + x^{2} (- 4 x) + x^{2} \cdot 4 - 4 x \cdot x^{2} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4)$

Step 2.1.3.2

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 4 x^{2} x + x^{2} \cdot 4 - 4 x \cdot x^{2} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4)$

Step 2.1.3.3

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.1.3.3.1

Move $x$ .

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 4 (x \cdot x^{2}) + x^{2} \cdot 4 - 4 x \cdot x^{2} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4)$

Step 2.1.3.3.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

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Step 2.1.3.3.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 4 (x \cdot x^{2}) + x^{2} \cdot 4 - 4 x \cdot x^{2} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4)$

Step 2.1.3.3.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 4 x^{1 + 2} + x^{2} \cdot 4 - 4 x \cdot x^{2} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4)$

Step 2.1.3.3.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + x^{2} \cdot 4 - 4 x \cdot x^{2} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4)$

Step 2.1.3.4

Move $4$ to the left of $x^{2}$ .

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 \cdot x^{2} - 4 x \cdot x^{2} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4)$

Step 2.1.3.5

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.1.3.5.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 (x^{2} x) - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4)$

Step 2.1.3.5.2

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ .

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Step 2.1.3.5.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 (x^{2} x) - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4)$

Step 2.1.3.5.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{2 + 1} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4)$

Step 2.1.3.5.3

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4)$

Step 2.1.3.6

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 4 \cdot (- 4 x \cdot x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4)$

Step 2.1.3.7

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.1.3.7.1

Move $x$ .

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 4 \cdot (- 4 (x \cdot x)) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4)$

Step 2.1.3.7.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 4 \cdot (- 4 x^{2}) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4)$

Step 2.1.3.8

Multiply $- 4$ by $- 4$ .

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4)$

Step 2.1.3.9

Multiply $4$ by $- 4$ .

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} - 16 x + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4)$

Step 2.1.3.10

Multiply $- 4$ by $4$ .

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} - 16 x + 4 x^{2} - 16 x + 4 \cdot 4)$

Step 2.1.3.11

Multiply $4$ by $4$ .

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} - 16 x + 4 x^{2} - 16 x + 16)$

Step 2.1.4

Subtract $4 x^{3}$ from $- 4 x^{3}$ .

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 8 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} + 16 x^{2} - 16 x + 4 x^{2} - 16 x + 16)$

Step 2.1.5

Add $4 x^{2}$ and $16 x^{2}$ .

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 8 x^{3} + 20 x^{2} - 16 x + 4 x^{2} - 16 x + 16)$

Step 2.1.6

Add $20 x^{2}$ and $4 x^{2}$ .

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 8 x^{3} + 24 x^{2} - 16 x - 16 x + 16)$

Step 2.1.7

Subtract $16 x$ from $- 16 x$ .

$V = x^{2} - (x^{4} - 8 x^{3} + 24 x^{2} - 32 x + 16)$

Step 2.1.8

Apply the distributive property.

$V = x^{2} - x^{4} - (- 8 x^{3}) - (24 x^{2}) - (- 32 x) - 1 \cdot 16$

Step 2.1.9

Simplify.

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Step 2.1.9.1

Multiply $- 8$ by $- 1$ .

$V = x^{2} - x^{4} + 8 x^{3} - (24 x^{2}) - (- 32 x) - 1 \cdot 16$

Step 2.1.9.2

Multiply $24$ by $- 1$ .

$V = x^{2} - x^{4} + 8 x^{3} - 24 x^{2} - (- 32 x) - 1 \cdot 16$

Step 2.1.9.3

Multiply $- 32$ by $- 1$ .

$V = x^{2} - x^{4} + 8 x^{3} - 24 x^{2} + 32 x - 1 \cdot 16$

Step 2.1.9.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $16$ .

$V = x^{2} - x^{4} + 8 x^{3} - 24 x^{2} + 32 x - 16$

Step 2.2

Subtract $24 x^{2}$ from $x^{2}$ .

$V = - x^{4} + 8 x^{3} - 23 x^{2} + 32 x - 16$

Step 3

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$V = π (\int_{1}^{4} - x^{4} d x + \int_{1}^{4} 8 x^{3} d x + \int_{1}^{4} - 23 x^{2} d x + \int_{1}^{4} 32 x d x + \int_{1}^{4} - 16 d x)$

Step 4

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 1$ out of the integral.

$V = π (- \int_{1}^{4} x^{4} d x + \int_{1}^{4} 8 x^{3} d x + \int_{1}^{4} - 23 x^{2} d x + \int_{1}^{4} 32 x d x + \int_{1}^{4} - 16 d x)$

Step 5

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{4}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{5} x^{5}$ .

$V = π (- (\frac{1}{5} x^{5}]_{1}^{4}) + \int_{1}^{4} 8 x^{3} d x + \int_{1}^{4} - 23 x^{2} d x + \int_{1}^{4} 32 x d x + \int_{1}^{4} - 16 d x)$

Step 6

Combine $\frac{1}{5}$ and $x^{5}$ .

$V = π (- (\frac{x^{5}}{5}]_{1}^{4}) + \int_{1}^{4} 8 x^{3} d x + \int_{1}^{4} - 23 x^{2} d x + \int_{1}^{4} 32 x d x + \int_{1}^{4} - 16 d x)$

Step 7

Since $8$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $8$ out of the integral.

$V = π (- (\frac{x^{5}}{5}]_{1}^{4}) + 8 \int_{1}^{4} x^{3} d x + \int_{1}^{4} - 23 x^{2} d x + \int_{1}^{4} 32 x d x + \int_{1}^{4} - 16 d x)$

Step 8

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{4} x^{4}$ .

$V = π (- (\frac{x^{5}}{5}]_{1}^{4}) + 8 (\frac{1}{4} x^{4}]_{1}^{4}) + \int_{1}^{4} - 23 x^{2} d x + \int_{1}^{4} 32 x d x + \int_{1}^{4} - 16 d x)$

Step 9

Combine $\frac{1}{4}$ and $x^{4}$ .

$V = π (- (\frac{x^{5}}{5}]_{1}^{4}) + 8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{1}^{4}) + \int_{1}^{4} - 23 x^{2} d x + \int_{1}^{4} 32 x d x + \int_{1}^{4} - 16 d x)$

Step 10

Since $- 23$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 23$ out of the integral.

$V = π (- (\frac{x^{5}}{5}]_{1}^{4}) + 8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{1}^{4}) - 23 \int_{1}^{4} x^{2} d x + \int_{1}^{4} 32 x d x + \int_{1}^{4} - 16 d x)$

Step 11

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{3} x^{3}$ .

$V = π (- (\frac{x^{5}}{5}]_{1}^{4}) + 8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{1}^{4}) - 23 (\frac{1}{3} x^{3}]_{1}^{4}) + \int_{1}^{4} 32 x d x + \int_{1}^{4} - 16 d x)$

Step 12

Combine $\frac{1}{3}$ and $x^{3}$ .

$V = π (- (\frac{x^{5}}{5}]_{1}^{4}) + 8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{1}^{4}) - 23 (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{1}^{4}) + \int_{1}^{4} 32 x d x + \int_{1}^{4} - 16 d x)$

Step 13

Since $32$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $32$ out of the integral.

$V = π (- (\frac{x^{5}}{5}]_{1}^{4}) + 8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{1}^{4}) - 23 (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{1}^{4}) + 32 \int_{1}^{4} x d x + \int_{1}^{4} - 16 d x)$

Step 14

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{2} x^{2}$ .

$V = π (- (\frac{x^{5}}{5}]_{1}^{4}) + 8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{1}^{4}) - 23 (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{1}^{4}) + 32 (\frac{1}{2} x^{2}]_{1}^{4}) + \int_{1}^{4} - 16 d x)$

Step 15

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{2}$ .

$V = π (- (\frac{x^{5}}{5}]_{1}^{4}) + 8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{1}^{4}) - 23 (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{1}^{4}) + 32 (\frac{x^{2}}{2}]_{1}^{4}) + \int_{1}^{4} - 16 d x)$

Step 16

Apply the constant rule.

$V = π (- (\frac{x^{5}}{5}]_{1}^{4}) + 8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{1}^{4}) - 23 (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{1}^{4}) + 32 (\frac{x^{2}}{2}]_{1}^{4}) + - 16 x]_{1}^{4})$

Step 17

Substitute and simplify.

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Step 17.1

Evaluate $\frac{x^{5}}{5}$ at $4$ and at $1$ .

$V = π (- ((\frac{4^{5}}{5}) - \frac{1^{5}}{5}) + 8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{1}^{4}) - 23 (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{1}^{4}) + 32 (\frac{x^{2}}{2}]_{1}^{4}) + - 16 x]_{1}^{4})$

Step 17.2

Evaluate $\frac{x^{4}}{4}$ at $4$ and at $1$ .

$V = π (- (\frac{4^{5}}{5} - \frac{1^{5}}{5}) + 8 (\frac{4^{4}}{4} - \frac{1^{4}}{4}) - 23 (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{1}^{4}) + 32 (\frac{x^{2}}{2}]_{1}^{4}) + - 16 x]_{1}^{4})$

Step 17.3

Evaluate $\frac{x^{3}}{3}$ at $4$ and at $1$ .

$V = π (- (\frac{4^{5}}{5} - \frac{1^{5}}{5}) + 8 (\frac{4^{4}}{4} - \frac{1^{4}}{4}) - 23 ((\frac{4^{3}}{3}) - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{x^{2}}{2}]_{1}^{4}) + - 16 x]_{1}^{4})$

Step 17.4

Evaluate $\frac{x^{2}}{2}$ at $4$ and at $1$ .

$V = π (- (\frac{4^{5}}{5} - \frac{1^{5}}{5}) + 8 (\frac{4^{4}}{4} - \frac{1^{4}}{4}) - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) + - 16 x]_{1}^{4})$

Step 17.5

Evaluate $- 16 x$ at $4$ and at $1$ .

$V = π (- (\frac{4^{5}}{5} - \frac{1^{5}}{5}) + 8 (\frac{4^{4}}{4} - \frac{1^{4}}{4}) - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6

Simplify.

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Step 17.6.1

Raise $4$ to the power of $5$ .

$V = π (- (\frac{1024}{5} - \frac{1^{5}}{5}) + 8 (\frac{4^{4}}{4} - \frac{1^{4}}{4}) - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.2

One to any power is one.

$V = π (- (\frac{1024}{5} - \frac{1}{5}) + 8 (\frac{4^{4}}{4} - \frac{1^{4}}{4}) - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$V = π (- \frac{1024 - 1}{5} + 8 (\frac{4^{4}}{4} - \frac{1^{4}}{4}) - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.4

Subtract $1$ from $1024$ .

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + 8 (\frac{4^{4}}{4} - \frac{1^{4}}{4}) - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.5

Raise $4$ to the power of $4$ .

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + 8 (\frac{256}{4} - \frac{1^{4}}{4}) - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.6

Cancel the common factor of $256$ and $4$ .

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Step 17.6.6.1

Factor $4$ out of $256$ .

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + 8 (\frac{4 \cdot 64}{4} - \frac{1^{4}}{4}) - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.6.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 17.6.6.2.1

Factor $4$ out of $4$ .

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + 8 (\frac{4 \cdot 64}{4 (1)} - \frac{1^{4}}{4}) - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.6.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + 8 (\frac{4 \cdot 64}{4 \cdot 1} - \frac{1^{4}}{4}) - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.6.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + 8 (\frac{64}{1} - \frac{1^{4}}{4}) - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.6.2.4

Divide $64$ by $1$ .

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + 8 (64 - \frac{1^{4}}{4}) - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.7

One to any power is one.

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + 8 (64 - \frac{1}{4}) - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.8

To write $64$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{4}{4}$ .

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + 8 (64 \cdot \frac{4}{4} - \frac{1}{4}) - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.9

Combine $64$ and $\frac{4}{4}$ .

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + 8 (\frac{64 \cdot 4}{4} - \frac{1}{4}) - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.10

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + 8 (\frac{64 \cdot 4 - 1}{4}) - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.11

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 17.6.11.1

Multiply $64$ by $4$ .

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + 8 (\frac{256 - 1}{4}) - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.11.2

Subtract $1$ from $256$ .

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + 8 (\frac{255}{4}) - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.12

Combine $8$ and $\frac{255}{4}$ .

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + \frac{8 \cdot 255}{4} - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.13

Multiply $8$ by $255$ .

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + \frac{2040}{4} - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.14

Cancel the common factor of $2040$ and $4$ .

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Step 17.6.14.1

Factor $4$ out of $2040$ .

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + \frac{4 \cdot 510}{4} - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.14.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 17.6.14.2.1

Factor $4$ out of $4$ .

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + \frac{4 \cdot 510}{4 (1)} - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.14.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + \frac{4 \cdot 510}{4 \cdot 1} - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.14.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + \frac{510}{1} - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.14.2.4

Divide $510$ by $1$ .

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + 510 - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.15

To write $510$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{5}{5}$ .

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + 510 \cdot \frac{5}{5} - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.16

Combine $510$ and $\frac{5}{5}$ .

$V = π (- \frac{1023}{5} + \frac{510 \cdot 5}{5} - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.17

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$V = π (\frac{- 1023 + 510 \cdot 5}{5} - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.18

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 17.6.18.1

Multiply $510$ by $5$ .

$V = π (\frac{- 1023 + 2550}{5} - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.18.2

Add $- 1023$ and $2550$ .

$V = π (\frac{1527}{5} - 23 (\frac{4^{3}}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.19

Raise $4$ to the power of $3$ .

$V = π (\frac{1527}{5} - 23 (\frac{64}{3} - \frac{1^{3}}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.20

One to any power is one.

$V = π (\frac{1527}{5} - 23 (\frac{64}{3} - \frac{1}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.21

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$V = π (\frac{1527}{5} - 23 \frac{64 - 1}{3} + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.22

Subtract $1$ from $64$ .

$V = π (\frac{1527}{5} - 23 (\frac{63}{3}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.23

Cancel the common factor of $63$ and $3$ .

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Step 17.6.23.1

Factor $3$ out of $63$ .

$V = π (\frac{1527}{5} - 23 \frac{3 \cdot 21}{3} + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.23.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 17.6.23.2.1

Factor $3$ out of $3$ .

$V = π (\frac{1527}{5} - 23 \frac{3 \cdot 21}{3 (1)} + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.23.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$V = π (\frac{1527}{5} - 23 \frac{3 \cdot 21}{3 \cdot 1} + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.23.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$V = π (\frac{1527}{5} - 23 (\frac{21}{1}) + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.23.2.4

Divide $21$ by $1$ .

$V = π (\frac{1527}{5} - 23 \cdot 21 + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.24

Multiply $- 23$ by $21$ .

$V = π (\frac{1527}{5} - 483 + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.25

To write $- 483$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{5}{5}$ .

$V = π (\frac{1527}{5} - 483 \cdot \frac{5}{5} + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.26

Combine $- 483$ and $\frac{5}{5}$ .

$V = π (\frac{1527}{5} + \frac{- 483 \cdot 5}{5} + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.27

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$V = π (\frac{1527 - 483 \cdot 5}{5} + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.28

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 17.6.28.1

Multiply $- 483$ by $5$ .

$V = π (\frac{1527 - 2415}{5} + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.28.2

Subtract $2415$ from $1527$ .

$V = π (\frac{- 888}{5} + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.29

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + 32 (\frac{4^{2}}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.30

Raise $4$ to the power of $2$ .

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + 32 (\frac{16}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.31

Cancel the common factor of $16$ and $2$ .

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Step 17.6.31.1

Factor $2$ out of $16$ .

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + 32 (\frac{2 \cdot 8}{2} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.31.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 17.6.31.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + 32 (\frac{2 \cdot 8}{2 (1)} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.31.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + 32 (\frac{2 \cdot 8}{2 \cdot 1} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.31.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + 32 (\frac{8}{1} - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.31.2.4

Divide $8$ by $1$ .

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + 32 (8 - \frac{1^{2}}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.32

One to any power is one.

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + 32 (8 - \frac{1}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.33

To write $8$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + 32 (8 \cdot \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.34

Combine $8$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + 32 (\frac{8 \cdot 2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.35

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + 32 (\frac{8 \cdot 2 - 1}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.36

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 17.6.36.1

Multiply $8$ by $2$ .

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + 32 (\frac{16 - 1}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.36.2

Subtract $1$ from $16$ .

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + 32 (\frac{15}{2}) - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.37

Combine $32$ and $\frac{15}{2}$ .

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + \frac{32 \cdot 15}{2} - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.38

Multiply $32$ by $15$ .

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + \frac{480}{2} - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.39

Cancel the common factor of $480$ and $2$ .

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Step 17.6.39.1

Factor $2$ out of $480$ .

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + \frac{2 \cdot 240}{2} - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.39.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 17.6.39.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + \frac{2 \cdot 240}{2 (1)} - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.39.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + \frac{2 \cdot 240}{2 \cdot 1} - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.39.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + \frac{240}{1} - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.39.2.4

Divide $240$ by $1$ .

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + 240 - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.40

To write $240$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{5}{5}$ .

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + 240 \cdot \frac{5}{5} - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.41

Combine $240$ and $\frac{5}{5}$ .

$V = π (- \frac{888}{5} + \frac{240 \cdot 5}{5} - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.42

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$V = π (\frac{- 888 + 240 \cdot 5}{5} - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.43

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 17.6.43.1

Multiply $240$ by $5$ .

$V = π (\frac{- 888 + 1200}{5} - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.43.2

Add $- 888$ and $1200$ .

$V = π (\frac{312}{5} - 16 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.44

Multiply $- 16$ by $4$ .

$V = π (\frac{312}{5} - 64 + 16 \cdot 1)$

Step 17.6.45

Multiply $16$ by $1$ .

$V = π (\frac{312}{5} - 64 + 16)$

Step 17.6.46

Add $- 64$ and $16$ .

$V = π (\frac{312}{5} - 48)$

Step 17.6.47

To write $- 48$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{5}{5}$ .

$V = π (\frac{312}{5} - 48 \cdot \frac{5}{5})$

Step 17.6.48

Combine $- 48$ and $\frac{5}{5}$ .

$V = π (\frac{312}{5} + \frac{- 48 \cdot 5}{5})$

Step 17.6.49

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$V = π (\frac{312 - 48 \cdot 5}{5})$

Step 17.6.50

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 17.6.50.1

Multiply $- 48$ by $5$ .

$V = π (\frac{312 - 240}{5})$

Step 17.6.50.2

Subtract $240$ from $312$ .

$V = π (\frac{72}{5})$

Step 17.6.51

Combine $π$ and $\frac{72}{5}$ .

$V = \frac{π \cdot 72}{5}$

Step 17.6.52

Move $72$ to the left of $π$ .

$V = \frac{72 π}{5}$

Step 18

The result can be shown in multiple forms.

Exact Form:

$V = \frac{72 π}{5}$

Decimal Form:

$V = 45.23893421 \dots$

Step 19