Calculus Examples

$\frac{x^{2} - 2 x - 1}{2 x - 5}$

Step 1

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = x^{2} - 2 x - 1$ and $g (x) = 2 x - 5$ .

$\frac{(2 x - 5) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} - 2 x - 1] - (x^{2} - 2 x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [2 x - 5]}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 2

Differentiate.

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Step 2.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x^{2} - 2 x - 1$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1]$ .

$\frac{(2 x - 5) (\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1]) - (x^{2} - 2 x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [2 x - 5]}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$\frac{(2 x - 5) (2 x + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1]) - (x^{2} - 2 x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [2 x - 5]}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 2.3

Since $- 2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $- 2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{(2 x - 5) (2 x - 2 \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1]) - (x^{2} - 2 x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [2 x - 5]}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 2.4

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{(2 x - 5) (2 x - 2 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1]) - (x^{2} - 2 x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [2 x - 5]}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 2.5

Multiply $- 2$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(2 x - 5) (2 x - 2 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1]) - (x^{2} - 2 x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [2 x - 5]}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 2.6

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{(2 x - 5) (2 x - 2 + 0) - (x^{2} - 2 x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [2 x - 5]}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 2.7

Add $2 x - 2$ and $0$ .

$\frac{(2 x - 5) (2 x - 2) - (x^{2} - 2 x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [2 x - 5]}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 2.8

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $2 x - 5$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [2 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 5]$ .

$\frac{(2 x - 5) (2 x - 2) - (x^{2} - 2 x - 1) (\frac{d}{d x} [2 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 5])}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 2.9

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{(2 x - 5) (2 x - 2) - (x^{2} - 2 x - 1) (2 \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 5])}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 2.10

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{(2 x - 5) (2 x - 2) - (x^{2} - 2 x - 1) (2 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 5])}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 2.11

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(2 x - 5) (2 x - 2) - (x^{2} - 2 x - 1) (2 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 5])}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 2.12

Since $- 5$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 5$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{(2 x - 5) (2 x - 2) - (x^{2} - 2 x - 1) (2 + 0)}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 2.13

Simplify the expression.

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Step 2.13.1

Add $2$ and $0$ .

$\frac{(2 x - 5) (2 x - 2) - (x^{2} - 2 x - 1) \cdot 2}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 2.13.2

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{(2 x - 5) (2 x - 2) - 2 (x^{2} - 2 x - 1)}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3

Simplify.

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Step 3.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(2 x - 5) (2 x - 2) - 2 x^{2} - 2 (- 2 x) - 2 \cdot - 1}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 3.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.2.1.1

Expand $(2 x - 5) (2 x - 2)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 3.2.1.1.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 x (2 x - 2) - 5 (2 x - 2) - 2 x^{2} - 2 (- 2 x) - 2 \cdot - 1}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.1.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 x (2 x) + 2 x \cdot - 2 - 5 (2 x - 2) - 2 x^{2} - 2 (- 2 x) - 2 \cdot - 1}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.1.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 x (2 x) + 2 x \cdot - 2 - 5 (2 x) - 5 \cdot - 2 - 2 x^{2} - 2 (- 2 x) - 2 \cdot - 1}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.2

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 3.2.1.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.2.1.2.1.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{2 \cdot 2 x \cdot x + 2 x \cdot - 2 - 5 (2 x) - 5 \cdot - 2 - 2 x^{2} - 2 (- 2 x) - 2 \cdot - 1}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.2.1.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 3.2.1.2.1.2.1

Move $x$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot 2 (x \cdot x) + 2 x \cdot - 2 - 5 (2 x) - 5 \cdot - 2 - 2 x^{2} - 2 (- 2 x) - 2 \cdot - 1}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.2.1.2.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot 2 x^{2} + 2 x \cdot - 2 - 5 (2 x) - 5 \cdot - 2 - 2 x^{2} - 2 (- 2 x) - 2 \cdot - 1}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.2.1.3

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{4 x^{2} + 2 x \cdot - 2 - 5 (2 x) - 5 \cdot - 2 - 2 x^{2} - 2 (- 2 x) - 2 \cdot - 1}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.2.1.4

Multiply $- 2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{4 x^{2} - 4 x - 5 (2 x) - 5 \cdot - 2 - 2 x^{2} - 2 (- 2 x) - 2 \cdot - 1}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.2.1.5

Multiply $2$ by $- 5$ .

$\frac{4 x^{2} - 4 x - 10 x - 5 \cdot - 2 - 2 x^{2} - 2 (- 2 x) - 2 \cdot - 1}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.2.1.6

Multiply $- 5$ by $- 2$ .

$\frac{4 x^{2} - 4 x - 10 x + 10 - 2 x^{2} - 2 (- 2 x) - 2 \cdot - 1}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.2.2

Subtract $10 x$ from $- 4 x$ .

$\frac{4 x^{2} - 14 x + 10 - 2 x^{2} - 2 (- 2 x) - 2 \cdot - 1}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.3

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 2$ .

$\frac{4 x^{2} - 14 x + 10 - 2 x^{2} + 4 x - 2 \cdot - 1}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.4

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{4 x^{2} - 14 x + 10 - 2 x^{2} + 4 x + 2}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.2

Subtract $2 x^{2}$ from $4 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{2 x^{2} - 14 x + 10 + 4 x + 2}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.3

Add $- 14 x$ and $4 x$ .

$\frac{2 x^{2} - 10 x + 10 + 2}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.4

Add $10$ and $2$ .

$\frac{2 x^{2} - 10 x + 12}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 3.3.1

Factor $2$ out of $2 x^{2} - 10 x + 12$ .

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Step 3.3.1.1

Factor $2$ out of $2 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{2 (x^{2}) - 10 x + 12}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.3.1.2

Factor $2$ out of $- 10 x$ .

$\frac{2 (x^{2}) + 2 (- 5 x) + 12}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.3.1.3

Factor $2$ out of $12$ .

$\frac{2 x^{2} + 2 (- 5 x) + 2 \cdot 6}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.3.1.4

Factor $2$ out of $2 x^{2} + 2 (- 5 x)$ .

$\frac{2 (x^{2} - 5 x) + 2 \cdot 6}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.3.1.5

Factor $2$ out of $2 (x^{2} - 5 x) + 2 \cdot 6$ .

$\frac{2 (x^{2} - 5 x + 6)}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 3.3.2

Factor $x^{2} - 5 x + 6$ using the AC method.

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Step 3.3.2.1

Consider the form $x^{2} + b x + c$ . Find a pair of integers whose product is $c$ and whose sum is $b$ . In this case, whose product is $6$ and whose sum is $- 5$ .

$- 3, - 2$

Step 3.3.2.2

Write the factored form using these integers.

$\frac{2 ((x - 3) (x - 2))}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$

$\frac{2 (x - 3) (x - 2)}{{(2 x - 5)}^{2}}$