Calculus Examples

$\frac{3 x - 1}{\sqrt{x}}$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{3 x - 1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = 3 x - 1$ and $g (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1] - (3 x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 3

Multiply the exponents in ${(x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}$ .

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Step 3.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1] - (3 x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{x^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}$

Step 3.2

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 3.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1] - (3 x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{x^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}$

Step 3.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1] - (3 x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{x^{1}}$

Step 4

Simplify.

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1] - (3 x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{x}$

Step 5

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $3 x - 1$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [3 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1]$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{d}{d x} [3 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1]) - (3 x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{x}$

Step 6

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $3 x$ with respect to $x$ is $3 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1]) - (3 x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{x}$

Step 7

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1]) - (3 x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{x}$

Step 8

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1]) - (3 x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{x}$

Step 9

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 + 0) - (3 x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{x}$

Step 10

Simplify the expression.

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Step 10.1

Add $3$ and $0$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 3 - (3 x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{x}$

Step 10.2

Move $3$ to the left of $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{3 \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} - (3 x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{x}$

Step 11

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - (3 x - 1) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1})}{x}$

Step 12

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - (3 x - 1) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}})}{x}$

Step 13

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - (3 x - 1) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}})}{x}$

Step 14

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - (3 x - 1) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}})}{x}$

Step 15

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 15.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - (3 x - 1) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}})}{x}$

Step 15.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - (3 x - 1) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{- 1}{2}})}{x}$

Step 16

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - (3 x - 1) (\frac{1}{2} x^{- \frac{1}{2}})}{x}$

Step 17

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - (3 x - 1) \frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}}{x}$

Step 18

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - (3 x - 1) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19

Simplify.

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Step 19.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + (- (3 x) - - 1) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - (3 x) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - - 1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 19.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 19.3.1.1

Multiply $3$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 3 x \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - - 1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.1.2

Multiply $- 3 x \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

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Step 19.3.1.2.1

Combine $- 3$ and $\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x \frac{- 3}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - - 1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.1.2.2

Combine $x$ and $\frac{- 3}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{x \cdot - 3}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - - 1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.1.3

Move $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ to the numerator using the negative exponent rule $\frac{1}{b^{n}} = b^{- n}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{x \cdot - 3 x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} - - 1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.1.4

Multiply $x$ by $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 19.3.1.4.1

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}} x \cdot - 3}{2} - - 1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.1.4.2

Multiply $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by $x$ .

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Step 19.3.1.4.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}} x^{1} \cdot - 3}{2} - - 1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.1.4.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2} + 1} \cdot - 3}{2} - - 1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.1.4.3

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{2}{2}} \cdot - 3}{2} - - 1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.1.4.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{x^{\frac{- 1 + 2}{2}} \cdot - 3}{2} - - 1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.1.4.5

Add $- 1$ and $2$ .

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 3}{2} - - 1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.1.5

Move $- 3$ to the left of $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{- 3 \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} - - 1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.1.6

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{3 \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} - - 1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.1.7

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + 1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.1.8

Multiply $\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.2

To write $3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.3

Combine $3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2}{2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2 - 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.5

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 19.3.5.1

Factor $3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2 - 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 19.3.5.1.1

Move $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{3 \cdot 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.5.1.2

Factor $3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $3 \cdot 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} (2) - 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.5.1.3

Factor $3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $- 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} (2) + 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.5.1.4

Factor $3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} (2) + 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 1)$ .

$\frac{\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} (2 - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.5.2

Subtract $1$ from $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.3.5.3

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.4

Combine terms.

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Step 19.4.1

Multiply $\frac{\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$ by $\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{x}$

Step 19.4.2

Combine.

$\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}})}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} x}$

Step 19.4.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} x}$

Step 19.4.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 19.4.4.1

Factor $2$ out of $2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} x}$

Step 19.4.4.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} x}$

Step 19.4.4.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} x}$

Step 19.4.5

Multiply $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 19.4.5.1

Move $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 3 + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} x}$

Step 19.4.5.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}} \cdot 3 + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} x}$

Step 19.4.5.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{x^{\frac{1 + 1}{2}} \cdot 3 + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} x}$

Step 19.4.5.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{2}{2}} \cdot 3 + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} x}$

Step 19.4.5.5

Divide $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{x^{1} \cdot 3 + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} x}$

Step 19.4.6

Simplify $x^{1} \cdot 3$ .

$\frac{x \cdot 3 + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} x}$

Step 19.4.7

Cancel the common factor of $2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 19.4.7.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x \cdot 3 + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} x}$

Step 19.4.7.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x \cdot 3 + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} x}$

Step 19.4.8

Move $3$ to the left of $x$ .

$\frac{3 \cdot x + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} x}$

Step 19.4.9

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{3 x + 1}{2 (x^{1} x^{\frac{1}{2}})}$

Step 19.4.10

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{3 x + 1}{2 x^{1 + \frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 19.4.11

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{3 x + 1}{2 x^{\frac{2}{2} + \frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 19.4.12

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{3 x + 1}{2 x^{\frac{2 + 1}{2}}}$

Step 19.4.13

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$\frac{3 x + 1}{2 x^{\frac{3}{2}}}$