Calculus Examples

$\frac{d}{d x} \cdot (\ln ({(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}))$

Step 1

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \ln (x)$ and $g (x) = {(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}$ .

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Step 1.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as ${(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [\ln (u_{1})] \frac{d}{d x} [{(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}]$

Step 1.2

The derivative of $\ln (u_{1})$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $\frac{1}{u_{1}}$ .

$\frac{1}{u_{1}} \frac{d}{d x} [{(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}]$

Step 1.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with ${(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}} \frac{d}{d x} [{(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{3}$ and $g (x) = \frac{x + 4}{x + 5}$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $\frac{x + 4}{x + 5}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}} (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{3}] \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x + 4}{x + 5}])$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{2}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$\frac{1}{{(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}} (3 {u_{2}}^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x + 4}{x + 5}])$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $\frac{x + 4}{x + 5}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}} (3 {(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x + 4}{x + 5}])$

Step 3

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = x + 4$ and $g (x) = x + 5$ .

$\frac{1}{{(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}} (3 {(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{2} \frac{(x + 5) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 4] - (x + 4) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 5]}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 4

Differentiate.

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Step 4.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x + 4$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [4]$ .

$\frac{1}{{(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}} (3 {(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{2} \frac{(x + 5) (\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [4]) - (x + 4) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 5]}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 4.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1}{{(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}} (3 {(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{2} \frac{(x + 5) (1 + \frac{d}{d x} [4]) - (x + 4) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 5]}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 4.3

Since $4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $4$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{1}{{(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}} (3 {(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{2} \frac{(x + 5) (1 + 0) - (x + 4) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 5]}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 4.4

Simplify the expression.

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Step 4.4.1

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$\frac{1}{{(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}} (3 {(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{2} \frac{(x + 5) \cdot 1 - (x + 4) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 5]}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 4.4.2

Multiply $x + 5$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{{(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}} (3 {(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{2} \frac{x + 5 - (x + 4) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 5]}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 4.5

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x + 5$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [5]$ .

$\frac{1}{{(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}} (3 {(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{2} \frac{x + 5 - (x + 4) (\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [5])}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 4.6

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1}{{(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}} (3 {(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{2} \frac{x + 5 - (x + 4) (1 + \frac{d}{d x} [5])}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 4.7

Since $5$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $5$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{1}{{(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}} (3 {(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{2} \frac{x + 5 - (x + 4) (1 + 0)}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 4.8

Combine fractions.

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Step 4.8.1

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$\frac{1}{{(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}} (3 {(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{2} \frac{x + 5 - (x + 4) \cdot 1}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 4.8.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{{(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}} (3 {(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{2} \frac{x + 5 - (x + 4)}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 4.8.3

Combine $\frac{x + 5 - (x + 4)}{{(x + 5)}^{2}}$ and $3$ .

$\frac{1}{{(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}} (\frac{(x + 5 - (x + 4)) \cdot 3}{{(x + 5)}^{2}} {(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{2})$

Step 4.8.4

Move $3$ to the left of $x + 5 - (x + 4)$ .

$\frac{1}{{(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{3}} (\frac{3 \cdot (x + 5 - (x + 4))}{{(x + 5)}^{2}} {(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{2})$

Step 5

Simplify.

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Step 5.1

Apply the product rule to $\frac{x + 4}{x + 5}$ .

$\frac{1}{\frac{{(x + 4)}^{3}}{{(x + 5)}^{3}}} (\frac{3 (x + 5 - (x + 4))}{{(x + 5)}^{2}} {(\frac{x + 4}{x + 5})}^{2})$

Step 5.2

Apply the product rule to $\frac{x + 4}{x + 5}$ .

$\frac{1}{\frac{{(x + 4)}^{3}}{{(x + 5)}^{3}}} (\frac{3 (x + 5 - (x + 4))}{{(x + 5)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x + 4)}^{2}}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 5.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{1}{\frac{{(x + 4)}^{3}}{{(x + 5)}^{3}}} (\frac{3 (x + 5 - x - 1 \cdot 4)}{{(x + 5)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x + 4)}^{2}}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 5.4

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{1}{\frac{{(x + 4)}^{3}}{{(x + 5)}^{3}}} (\frac{3 x + 3 \cdot 5 + 3 (- x) + 3 (- 1 \cdot 4)}{{(x + 5)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x + 4)}^{2}}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 5.5

Combine terms.

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Step 5.5.1

Multiply by the reciprocal of the fraction to divide by $\frac{{(x + 4)}^{3}}{{(x + 5)}^{3}}$ .

$1 \frac{{(x + 5)}^{3}}{{(x + 4)}^{3}} (\frac{3 x + 3 \cdot 5 + 3 (- x) + 3 (- 1 \cdot 4)}{{(x + 5)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x + 4)}^{2}}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 5.5.2

Multiply $\frac{{(x + 5)}^{3}}{{(x + 4)}^{3}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{{(x + 5)}^{3}}{{(x + 4)}^{3}} (\frac{3 x + 3 \cdot 5 + 3 (- x) + 3 (- 1 \cdot 4)}{{(x + 5)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x + 4)}^{2}}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 5.5.3

Multiply $3$ by $5$ .

$\frac{{(x + 5)}^{3}}{{(x + 4)}^{3}} (\frac{3 x + 15 + 3 (- x) + 3 (- 1 \cdot 4)}{{(x + 5)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x + 4)}^{2}}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 5.5.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $3$ .

$\frac{{(x + 5)}^{3}}{{(x + 4)}^{3}} (\frac{3 x + 15 - 3 x + 3 (- 1 \cdot 4)}{{(x + 5)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x + 4)}^{2}}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 5.5.5

Multiply $- 1$ by $4$ .

$\frac{{(x + 5)}^{3}}{{(x + 4)}^{3}} (\frac{3 x + 15 - 3 x + 3 \cdot - 4}{{(x + 5)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x + 4)}^{2}}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 5.5.6

Multiply $3$ by $- 4$ .

$\frac{{(x + 5)}^{3}}{{(x + 4)}^{3}} (\frac{3 x + 15 - 3 x - 12}{{(x + 5)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x + 4)}^{2}}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 5.5.7

Subtract $3 x$ from $3 x$ .

$\frac{{(x + 5)}^{3}}{{(x + 4)}^{3}} (\frac{0 + 15 - 12}{{(x + 5)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x + 4)}^{2}}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 5.5.8

Add $0$ and $15$ .

$\frac{{(x + 5)}^{3}}{{(x + 4)}^{3}} (\frac{15 - 12}{{(x + 5)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x + 4)}^{2}}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 5.5.9

Subtract $12$ from $15$ .

$\frac{{(x + 5)}^{3}}{{(x + 4)}^{3}} (\frac{3}{{(x + 5)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x + 4)}^{2}}{{(x + 5)}^{2}})$

Step 5.5.10

Multiply $\frac{3}{{(x + 5)}^{2}}$ by $\frac{{(x + 4)}^{2}}{{(x + 5)}^{2}}$ .

$\frac{{(x + 5)}^{3}}{{(x + 4)}^{3}} \cdot \frac{3 {(x + 4)}^{2}}{{(x + 5)}^{2} {(x + 5)}^{2}}$

Step 5.5.11

Multiply ${(x + 5)}^{2}$ by ${(x + 5)}^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 5.5.11.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{{(x + 5)}^{3}}{{(x + 4)}^{3}} \cdot \frac{3 {(x + 4)}^{2}}{{(x + 5)}^{2 + 2}}$

Step 5.5.11.2

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$\frac{{(x + 5)}^{3}}{{(x + 4)}^{3}} \cdot \frac{3 {(x + 4)}^{2}}{{(x + 5)}^{4}}$

Step 5.5.12

Multiply $\frac{{(x + 5)}^{3}}{{(x + 4)}^{3}}$ by $\frac{3 {(x + 4)}^{2}}{{(x + 5)}^{4}}$ .

$\frac{{(x + 5)}^{3} (3 {(x + 4)}^{2})}{{(x + 4)}^{3} {(x + 5)}^{4}}$

Step 5.5.13

Move $3$ to the left of ${(x + 5)}^{3}$ .

$\frac{3 \cdot {(x + 5)}^{3} {(x + 4)}^{2}}{{(x + 4)}^{3} {(x + 5)}^{4}}$

Step 5.5.14

Cancel the common factor of ${(x + 5)}^{3}$ and ${(x + 5)}^{4}$ .

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Step 5.5.14.1

Factor ${(x + 5)}^{3}$ out of $3 {(x + 5)}^{3} {(x + 4)}^{2}$ .

$\frac{{(x + 5)}^{3} (3 {(x + 4)}^{2})}{{(x + 4)}^{3} {(x + 5)}^{4}}$

Step 5.5.14.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 5.5.14.2.1

Factor ${(x + 5)}^{3}$ out of ${(x + 4)}^{3} {(x + 5)}^{4}$ .

$\frac{{(x + 5)}^{3} (3 {(x + 4)}^{2})}{{(x + 5)}^{3} ({(x + 4)}^{3} (x + 5))}$

Step 5.5.14.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{{(x + 5)}^{3} (3 {(x + 4)}^{2})}{{(x + 5)}^{3} ({(x + 4)}^{3} (x + 5))}$

Step 5.5.14.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{3 {(x + 4)}^{2}}{{(x + 4)}^{3} (x + 5)}$

Step 5.5.15

Cancel the common factor of ${(x + 4)}^{2}$ and ${(x + 4)}^{3}$ .

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Step 5.5.15.1

Factor ${(x + 4)}^{2}$ out of $3 {(x + 4)}^{2}$ .

$\frac{{(x + 4)}^{2} \cdot 3}{{(x + 4)}^{3} (x + 5)}$

Step 5.5.15.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 5.5.15.2.1

Factor ${(x + 4)}^{2}$ out of ${(x + 4)}^{3} (x + 5)$ .

$\frac{{(x + 4)}^{2} \cdot 3}{{(x + 4)}^{2} ((x + 4) (x + 5))}$

Step 5.5.15.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{{(x + 4)}^{2} \cdot 3}{{(x + 4)}^{2} ((x + 4) (x + 5))}$

Step 5.5.15.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{3}{(x + 4) (x + 5)}$