Calculus Examples

$\frac{\csc (4 x)}{2 e^{3 x}}$

Step 1

Since $\frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{\csc (4 x)}{2 e^{3 x}}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{\csc (4 x)}{e^{3 x}}]$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{\csc (4 x)}{e^{3 x}}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = \csc (4 x)$ and $g (x) = e^{3 x}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{e^{3 x} \frac{d}{d x} [\csc (4 x)] - \csc (4 x) \frac{d}{d x} [e^{3 x}]}{{(e^{3 x})}^{2}}$

Step 3

Multiply the exponents in ${(e^{3 x})}^{2}$ .

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Step 3.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{e^{3 x} \frac{d}{d x} [\csc (4 x)] - \csc (4 x) \frac{d}{d x} [e^{3 x}]}{e^{3 x \cdot 2}}$

Step 3.2

Multiply $2$ by $3$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{e^{3 x} \frac{d}{d x} [\csc (4 x)] - \csc (4 x) \frac{d}{d x} [e^{3 x}]}{e^{6 x}}$

Step 4

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \csc (x)$ and $g (x) = 4 x$ .

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Step 4.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $4 x$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{e^{3 x} (\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [\csc (u_{1})] \frac{d}{d x} [4 x]) - \csc (4 x) \frac{d}{d x} [e^{3 x}]}{e^{6 x}}$

Step 4.2

The derivative of $\csc (u_{1})$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $- \csc (u_{1}) \cot (u_{1})$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{e^{3 x} (- \csc (u_{1}) \cot (u_{1}) \frac{d}{d x} [4 x]) - \csc (4 x) \frac{d}{d x} [e^{3 x}]}{e^{6 x}}$

Step 4.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $4 x$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{e^{3 x} (- \csc (4 x) \cot (4 x) \frac{d}{d x} [4 x]) - \csc (4 x) \frac{d}{d x} [e^{3 x}]}{e^{6 x}}$

Step 5

Differentiate.

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Step 5.1

Since $4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $4 x$ with respect to $x$ is $4 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{e^{3 x} (- \csc (4 x) \cot (4 x) (4 \frac{d}{d x} [x])) - \csc (4 x) \frac{d}{d x} [e^{3 x}]}{e^{6 x}}$

Step 5.2

Multiply $4$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{e^{3 x} (- 4 \csc (4 x) \cot (4 x) \frac{d}{d x} [x]) - \csc (4 x) \frac{d}{d x} [e^{3 x}]}{e^{6 x}}$

Step 5.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{e^{3 x} (- 4 \csc (4 x) \cot (4 x) \cdot 1) - \csc (4 x) \frac{d}{d x} [e^{3 x}]}{e^{6 x}}$

Step 5.4

Multiply $- 4$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{e^{3 x} (- 4 \csc (4 x) \cot (4 x)) - \csc (4 x) \frac{d}{d x} [e^{3 x}]}{e^{6 x}}$

Step 6

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = e^{x}$ and $g (x) = 3 x$ .

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Step 6.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $3 x$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{e^{3 x} (- 4 \csc (4 x) \cot (4 x)) - \csc (4 x) (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [e^{u_{2}}] \frac{d}{d x} [3 x])}{e^{6 x}}$

Step 6.2

Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [a^{u_{2}}]$ is $a^{u_{2}} \ln (a)$ where $a$ = $e$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{e^{3 x} (- 4 \csc (4 x) \cot (4 x)) - \csc (4 x) (e^{u_{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x])}{e^{6 x}}$

Step 6.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $3 x$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{e^{3 x} (- 4 \csc (4 x) \cot (4 x)) - \csc (4 x) (e^{3 x} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x])}{e^{6 x}}$

Step 7

Differentiate.

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Step 7.1

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $3 x$ with respect to $x$ is $3 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{e^{3 x} (- 4 \csc (4 x) \cot (4 x)) - \csc (4 x) (e^{3 x} (3 \frac{d}{d x} [x]))}{e^{6 x}}$

Step 7.2

Multiply $3$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{e^{3 x} (- 4 \csc (4 x) \cot (4 x)) - 3 \csc (4 x) (e^{3 x} (\frac{d}{d x} [x]))}{e^{6 x}}$

Step 7.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{e^{3 x} (- 4 \csc (4 x) \cot (4 x)) - 3 \csc (4 x) (e^{3 x} \cdot 1)}{e^{6 x}}$

Step 7.4

Combine fractions.

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Step 7.4.1

Multiply $e^{3 x}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{e^{3 x} (- 4 \csc (4 x) \cot (4 x)) - 3 \csc (4 x) e^{3 x}}{e^{6 x}}$

Step 7.4.2

Multiply $\frac{1}{2}$ by $\frac{e^{3 x} (- 4 \csc (4 x) \cot (4 x)) - 3 \csc (4 x) e^{3 x}}{e^{6 x}}$ .

$\frac{e^{3 x} (- 4 \csc (4 x) \cot (4 x)) - 3 \csc (4 x) e^{3 x}}{2 e^{6 x}}$

Step 8

Simplify.

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Step 8.1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 8.1.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{- 4 e^{3 x} (\csc (4 x) \cot (4 x)) - 3 \csc (4 x) e^{3 x}}{2 e^{6 x}}$

Step 8.1.2

Reorder factors in $- 4 e^{3 x} (\csc (4 x) \cot (4 x)) - 3 \csc (4 x) e^{3 x}$ .

$\frac{- 4 e^{3 x} \csc (4 x) \cot (4 x) - 3 e^{3 x} \csc (4 x)}{2 e^{6 x}}$

Step 8.2

Reorder terms.

$\frac{- 4 e^{3 x} \cot (4 x) \csc (4 x) - 3 e^{3 x} \csc (4 x)}{2 e^{6 x}}$

Step 8.3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 8.3.1

Factor $e^{3 x} \csc (4 x)$ out of $- 4 e^{3 x} \cot (4 x) \csc (4 x) - 3 e^{3 x} \csc (4 x)$ .

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Step 8.3.1.1

Factor $e^{3 x} \csc (4 x)$ out of $- 4 e^{3 x} \cot (4 x) \csc (4 x)$ .

$\frac{e^{3 x} \csc (4 x) (- 4 \cot (4 x)) - 3 e^{3 x} \csc (4 x)}{2 e^{6 x}}$

Step 8.3.1.2

Factor $e^{3 x} \csc (4 x)$ out of $- 3 e^{3 x} \csc (4 x)$ .

$\frac{e^{3 x} \csc (4 x) (- 4 \cot (4 x)) + e^{3 x} \csc (4 x) (- 3)}{2 e^{6 x}}$

Step 8.3.1.3

Factor $e^{3 x} \csc (4 x)$ out of $e^{3 x} \csc (4 x) (- 4 \cot (4 x)) + e^{3 x} \csc (4 x) (- 3)$ .

$\frac{e^{3 x} \csc (4 x) (- 4 \cot (4 x) - 3)}{2 e^{6 x}}$

Step 8.3.2

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 4 \cot (4 x) - 3$ .

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Step 8.3.2.1

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 4 \cot (4 x)$ .

$\frac{e^{3 x} \csc (4 x) (- (4 \cot (4 x)) - 3)}{2 e^{6 x}}$

Step 8.3.2.2

Rewrite $- 3$ as $- 1 (3)$ .

$\frac{e^{3 x} \csc (4 x) (- (4 \cot (4 x)) - 1 (3))}{2 e^{6 x}}$

Step 8.3.2.3

Factor $- 1$ out of $- (4 \cot (4 x)) - 1 (3)$ .

$\frac{e^{3 x} \csc (4 x) (- (4 \cot (4 x) + 3))}{2 e^{6 x}}$

$\frac{e^{3 x} \csc (4 x) \cdot - 1 (4 \cot (4 x) + 3)}{2 e^{6 x}}$

Step 8.3.3

Factor out negative.

$\frac{- e^{3 x} \csc (4 x) (4 \cot (4 x) + 3)}{2 e^{6 x}}$

Step 8.4

Cancel the common factor of $e^{3 x}$ and $e^{6 x}$ .

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Step 8.4.1

Factor $e^{6 x}$ out of $- e^{3 x} \csc (4 x) (4 \cot (4 x) + 3)$ .

$\frac{e^{6 x} (- e^{- 3 x} \csc (4 x) (4 \cot (4 x) + 3))}{2 e^{6 x}}$

Step 8.4.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 8.4.2.1

Factor $e^{6 x}$ out of $2 e^{6 x}$ .

$\frac{e^{6 x} (- e^{- 3 x} \csc (4 x) (4 \cot (4 x) + 3))}{e^{6 x} \cdot 2}$

Step 8.4.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{e^{6 x} (- e^{- 3 x} \csc (4 x) (4 \cot (4 x) + 3))}{e^{6 x} \cdot 2}$

Step 8.4.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- e^{- 3 x} \csc (4 x) (4 \cot (4 x) + 3)}{2}$

Step 8.5

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{e^{- 3 x} \csc (4 x) (4 \cot (4 x) + 3)}{2}$