Calculus Examples

$2 x \sin (x) \sqrt{3 x - 1}$

Step 1

Differentiate using the Constant Multiple Rule.

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Step 1.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{3 x - 1}$ as ${(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [2 x \sin (x) {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 1.2

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x \sin (x) {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x) {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}]$ .

$2 \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x) {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x \sin (x)$ and $g (x) = {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$2 (x \sin (x) \frac{d}{d x} [{(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}] + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = 3 x - 1$ .

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Step 3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $3 x - 1$ .

$2 (x \sin (x) (\frac{d}{d u} [u^{\frac{1}{2}}] \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1]) + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$2 (x \sin (x) (\frac{1}{2} u^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1]) + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $3 x - 1$ .

$2 (x \sin (x) (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1]) + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 4

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$2 (x \sin (x) (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1]) + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 5

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$2 (x \sin (x) (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1]) + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 6

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$2 (x \sin (x) (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1]) + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 7

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 7.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$2 (x \sin (x) (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1]) + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 7.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$2 (x \sin (x) (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1]) + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 8

Differentiate.

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Step 8.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$2 (x \sin (x) (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x - 1)}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1]) + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 8.2

Combine fractions.

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Step 8.2.1

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and ${(3 x - 1)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$2 (x \sin (x) (\frac{{(3 x - 1)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1]) + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 8.2.2

Move ${(3 x - 1)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$2 (x \sin (x) (\frac{1}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1]) + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 8.2.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $x$ .

$2 (\frac{x}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \sin (x) \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1] + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 8.2.4

Combine $\frac{x}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $\sin (x)$ .

$2 (\frac{x \sin (x)}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1] + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 8.3

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $3 x - 1$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [3 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1]$ .

$2 (\frac{x \sin (x)}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{d}{d x} [3 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1]) + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 8.4

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $3 x$ with respect to $x$ is $3 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$2 (\frac{x \sin (x)}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (3 \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1]) + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 8.5

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$2 (\frac{x \sin (x)}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (3 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1]) + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 8.6

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$2 (\frac{x \sin (x)}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (3 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1]) + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 8.7

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$2 (\frac{x \sin (x)}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (3 + 0) + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 8.8

Combine fractions.

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Step 8.8.1

Add $3$ and $0$ .

$2 (\frac{x \sin (x)}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 3 + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 8.8.2

Combine $\frac{x \sin (x)}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $3$ .

$2 (\frac{x \sin (x) \cdot 3}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 8.8.3

Move $3$ to the left of $x \sin (x)$ .

$2 (\frac{3 \cdot (x \sin (x))}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin (x)])$

Step 9

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = \sin (x)$ .

$2 (\frac{3 x \sin (x)}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (x \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (x)] + \sin (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x]))$

Step 10

The derivative of $\sin (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\cos (x)$ .

$2 (\frac{3 x \sin (x)}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (x \cos (x) + \sin (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x]))$

Step 11

Differentiate using the Power Rule.

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Step 11.1

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$2 (\frac{3 x \sin (x)}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (x \cos (x) + \sin (x) \cdot 1))$

Step 11.2

Multiply $\sin (x)$ by $1$ .

$2 (\frac{3 x \sin (x)}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (x \cos (x) + \sin (x)))$

Step 12

To write ${(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (x \cos (x) + \sin (x))$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$2 (\frac{3 x \sin (x)}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (x \cos (x) + \sin (x)) \cdot \frac{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}})$

Step 13

Combine ${(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (x \cos (x) + \sin (x))$ and $\frac{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$2 (\frac{3 x \sin (x)}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{{(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (x \cos (x) + \sin (x)) (2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}})$

Step 14

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$2 \frac{3 x \sin (x) + {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (x \cos (x) + \sin (x)) (2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 15

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 \frac{3 x \sin (x) + (x \cos (x) + \sin (x)) (2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}})}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 16

Simplify the expression.

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Step 16.1

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$2 \frac{3 x \sin (x) + (x \cos (x) + \sin (x)) (2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1 + 1}{2}})}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 16.2

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$2 \frac{3 x \sin (x) + (x \cos (x) + \sin (x)) (2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{2}{2}})}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 17

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 17.1

Cancel the common factor.

$2 \frac{3 x \sin (x) + (x \cos (x) + \sin (x)) (2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{2}{2}})}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 17.2

Rewrite the expression.

$2 \frac{3 x \sin (x) + (x \cos (x) + \sin (x)) (2 {(3 x - 1)}^{1})}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 18

Simplify.

$2 \frac{3 x \sin (x) + (x \cos (x) + \sin (x)) (2 (3 x - 1))}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 19

Move $2$ to the left of $x \cos (x) + \sin (x)$ .

$2 \frac{3 x \sin (x) + 2 \cdot (x \cos (x) + \sin (x)) (3 x - 1)}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 20

Combine $2$ and $\frac{3 x \sin (x) + 2 (x \cos (x) + \sin (x)) (3 x - 1)}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{2 (3 x \sin (x) + 2 (x \cos (x) + \sin (x)) (3 x - 1))}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 21

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 (3 x \sin (x) + 2 (x \cos (x) + \sin (x)) (3 x - 1))}{2 {(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 22

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{3 x \sin (x) + 2 (x \cos (x) + \sin (x)) (3 x - 1)}{{(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 23

Simplify.

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Step 23.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{3 x \sin (x) + (2 (x \cos (x)) + 2 \sin (x)) (3 x - 1)}{{(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 23.2

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 23.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 23.2.1.1

Expand $(2 x \cos (x) + 2 \sin (x)) (3 x - 1)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 23.2.1.1.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{3 x \sin (x) + 2 x \cos (x) (3 x - 1) + 2 \sin (x) (3 x - 1)}{{(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 23.2.1.1.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{3 x \sin (x) + 2 x \cos (x) (3 x) + 2 x \cos (x) \cdot - 1 + 2 \sin (x) (3 x - 1)}{{(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 23.2.1.1.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{3 x \sin (x) + 2 x \cos (x) (3 x) + 2 x \cos (x) \cdot - 1 + 2 \sin (x) (3 x) + 2 \sin (x) \cdot - 1}{{(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 23.2.1.2

Simplify each term.

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Step 23.2.1.2.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 23.2.1.2.1.1

Move $x$ .

$\frac{3 x \sin (x) + 2 (x \cdot x) \cos (x) \cdot 3 + 2 x \cos (x) \cdot - 1 + 2 \sin (x) (3 x) + 2 \sin (x) \cdot - 1}{{(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 23.2.1.2.1.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$\frac{3 x \sin (x) + 2 x^{2} \cos (x) \cdot 3 + 2 x \cos (x) \cdot - 1 + 2 \sin (x) (3 x) + 2 \sin (x) \cdot - 1}{{(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 23.2.1.2.2

Multiply $3$ by $2$ .

$\frac{3 x \sin (x) + 6 x^{2} \cos (x) + 2 x \cos (x) \cdot - 1 + 2 \sin (x) (3 x) + 2 \sin (x) \cdot - 1}{{(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 23.2.1.2.3

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{3 x \sin (x) + 6 x^{2} \cos (x) - 2 x \cos (x) + 2 \sin (x) (3 x) + 2 \sin (x) \cdot - 1}{{(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 23.2.1.2.4

Multiply $3$ by $2$ .

$\frac{3 x \sin (x) + 6 x^{2} \cos (x) - 2 x \cos (x) + 6 \sin (x) x + 2 \sin (x) \cdot - 1}{{(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 23.2.1.2.5

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{3 x \sin (x) + 6 x^{2} \cos (x) - 2 x \cos (x) + 6 \sin (x) x - 2 \sin (x)}{{(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 23.2.2

Add $3 x \sin (x)$ and $6 \sin (x) x$ .

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Step 23.2.2.1

Move $\sin (x)$ .

$\frac{3 x \sin (x) + 6 x \sin (x) + 6 x^{2} \cos (x) - 2 x \cos (x) - 2 \sin (x)}{{(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 23.2.2.2

Add $3 x \sin (x)$ and $6 x \sin (x)$ .

$\frac{9 x \sin (x) + 6 x^{2} \cos (x) - 2 x \cos (x) - 2 \sin (x)}{{(3 x - 1)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$