Calculus Examples

$\frac{\sqrt{a + b t}}{t}$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{a + b t}$ as ${(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d t} [\frac{{(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{t}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d t} [\frac{f (t)}{g (t)}]$ is $\frac{g (t) \frac{d}{d t} [f (t)] - f (t) \frac{d}{d t} [g (t)]}{{g (t)}^{2}}$ where $f (t) = {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (t) = t$ .

$\frac{t \frac{d}{d t} [{(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}] - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d t} [f (g (t))]$ is $f' (g (t)) g' (t)$ where $f (t) = t^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (t) = a + b t$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $a + b t$ .

$\frac{t (\frac{d}{d u} [u^{\frac{1}{2}}] \frac{d}{d t} [a + b t]) - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{t (\frac{1}{2} u^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d t} [a + b t]) - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $a + b t$ .

$\frac{t (\frac{1}{2} {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d t} [a + b t]) - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 4

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{t (\frac{1}{2} {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [a + b t]) - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 5

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{t (\frac{1}{2} {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [a + b t]) - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 6

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{t (\frac{1}{2} {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [a + b t]) - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 7

Simplify the numerator.

Tap for more steps...

Step 7.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{t (\frac{1}{2} {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [a + b t]) - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 7.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{t (\frac{1}{2} {(a + b t)}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [a + b t]) - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 8

Combine fractions.

Tap for more steps...

Step 8.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{t (\frac{1}{2} {(a + b t)}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [a + b t]) - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 8.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and ${(a + b t)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{t (\frac{{(a + b t)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d t} [a + b t]) - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 8.3

Move ${(a + b t)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{t (\frac{1}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d t} [a + b t]) - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 8.4

Combine $\frac{1}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $t$ .

$\frac{\frac{t}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d t} [a + b t] - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 9

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $a + b t$ with respect to $t$ is $\frac{d}{d t} [a] + \frac{d}{d t} [b t]$ .

$\frac{\frac{t}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{d}{d t} [a] + \frac{d}{d t} [b t]) - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 10

Since $a$ is constant with respect to $t$ , the derivative of $a$ with respect to $t$ is $0$ .

$\frac{\frac{t}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (0 + \frac{d}{d t} [b t]) - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 11

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d t} [b t]$ .

$\frac{\frac{t}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d t} [b t] - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 12

Since $b$ is constant with respect to $t$ , the derivative of $b t$ with respect to $t$ is $b \frac{d}{d t} [t]$ .

$\frac{\frac{t}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (b \frac{d}{d t} [t]) - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 13

Combine $b$ and $\frac{t}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{b t}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d t} [t] - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 14

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d t} [t^{n}]$ is $n t^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{\frac{b t}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 1 - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 15

Multiply $\frac{b t}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{b t}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 16

Multiply $\frac{\frac{b t}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$ by $\frac{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{b t}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{t^{2}}$

Step 17

Combine.

$\frac{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{b t}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t])}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{2}}$

Step 18

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{b t}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t])}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{2}}$

Step 19

Cancel the common factor of $2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 19.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{b t}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t])}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{2}}$

Step 19.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{b t + 2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t])}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{2}}$

Step 20

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{b t - 2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} ({(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t])}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{2}}$

Step 21

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{b t - 2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{2}}$

Step 22

Simplify the expression.

Tap for more steps...

Step 22.1

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{b t - 2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1 + 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{2}}$

Step 22.2

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{b t - 2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{2}}$

Step 23

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 23.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{b t - 2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{2}}$

Step 23.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{b t - 2 {(a + b t)}^{1} \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{2}}$

Step 24

Simplify.

$\frac{b t - 2 (a + b t) \frac{d}{d t} [t]}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{2}}$

Step 25

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d t} [t^{n}]$ is $n t^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{b t - 2 (a + b t) \cdot 1}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{2}}$

Step 26

Multiply $- 2$ by $1$ .

$\frac{b t - 2 (a + b t)}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{2}}$

Step 27

Simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 27.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{b t - 2 a - 2 (b t)}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{2}}$

Step 27.2

Subtract $2 b t$ from $b t$ .

$\frac{- 2 a - b t}{2 {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{2}}$

Step 27.3

Reorder terms.

$\frac{- 2 a - b t}{2 t^{2} {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 27.4

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 2 a$ .

$\frac{- (2 a) - b t}{2 t^{2} {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 27.5

Factor $- 1$ out of $- b t$ .

$\frac{- (2 a) - (b t)}{2 t^{2} {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 27.6

Factor $- 1$ out of $- (2 a) - (b t)$ .

$\frac{- (2 a + b t)}{2 t^{2} {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 27.7

Rewrite $- (2 a + b t)$ as $- 1 (2 a + b t)$ .

$\frac{- 1 (2 a + b t)}{2 t^{2} {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 27.8

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{2 a + b t}{2 t^{2} {(a + b t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$