Calculus Examples

$\frac{\frac{1}{3} x^{3}}{3 x^{2} - 2}$

Step 1

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = \frac{1}{3} x^{3}$ and $g (x) = 3 x^{2} - 2$ .

$\frac{(3 x^{2} - 2) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3} x^{3}] - \frac{1}{3} x^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{2} - 2]}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 2

Differentiate.

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Step 2.1

Since $\frac{1}{3}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{1}{3} x^{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]$ .

$\frac{(3 x^{2} - 2) (\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]) - \frac{1}{3} x^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{2} - 2]}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$\frac{(3 x^{2} - 2) (\frac{1}{3} (3 x^{2})) - \frac{1}{3} x^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{2} - 2]}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 2.3

Simplify terms.

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Step 2.3.1

Combine $3$ and $\frac{1}{3}$ .

$\frac{(3 x^{2} - 2) (\frac{3}{3} x^{2}) - \frac{1}{3} x^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{2} - 2]}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 2.3.2

Combine $\frac{3}{3}$ and $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{(3 x^{2} - 2) \frac{3 x^{2}}{3} - \frac{1}{3} x^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{2} - 2]}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 2.3.3

Cancel the common factor of $3$ .

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Step 2.3.3.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{(3 x^{2} - 2) \frac{3 x^{2}}{3} - \frac{1}{3} x^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{2} - 2]}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 2.3.3.2

Divide $x^{2}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(3 x^{2} - 2) x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} x^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{2} - 2]}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 2.4

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $3 x^{2} - 2$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]$ .

$\frac{(3 x^{2} - 2) x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} x^{3} (\frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2])}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 3

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{2}]$ .

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Step 3.1

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $3 x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $3 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$ .

$\frac{(3 x^{2} - 2) x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} x^{3} (3 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2])}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$\frac{(3 x^{2} - 2) x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} x^{3} (3 (2 x) + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2])}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 3.3

Multiply $2$ by $3$ .

$\frac{(3 x^{2} - 2) x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} x^{3} (6 x + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2])}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 4

Differentiate using the Constant Rule.

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Step 4.1

Since $- 2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 2$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{(3 x^{2} - 2) x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} x^{3} (6 x + 0)}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 4.2

Add $6 x$ and $0$ .

$\frac{(3 x^{2} - 2) x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} x^{3} (6 x)}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 5

Simplify.

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Step 5.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{3 x^{2} x^{2} - 2 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} x^{3} (6 x)}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 5.2

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 5.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 5.2.1.1

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 5.2.1.1.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{3 (x^{2} x^{2}) - 2 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} x^{3} (6 x)}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 5.2.1.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{3 x^{2 + 2} - 2 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} x^{3} (6 x)}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 5.2.1.1.3

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$\frac{3 x^{4} - 2 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} x^{3} (6 x)}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 5.2.1.2

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{3 x^{4} - 2 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot 6 x^{3} x}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 5.2.1.3

Multiply $x^{3}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 5.2.1.3.1

Move $x$ .

$\frac{3 x^{4} - 2 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot 6 (x \cdot x^{3})}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 5.2.1.3.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{3}$ .

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Step 5.2.1.3.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{3 x^{4} - 2 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot 6 (x^{1} x^{3})}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 5.2.1.3.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{3 x^{4} - 2 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot 6 x^{1 + 3}}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 5.2.1.3.3

Add $1$ and $3$ .

$\frac{3 x^{4} - 2 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot 6 x^{4}}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 5.2.1.4

Cancel the common factor of $3$ .

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Step 5.2.1.4.1

Move the leading negative in $- \frac{1}{3}$ into the numerator.

$\frac{3 x^{4} - 2 x^{2} + \frac{- 1}{3} \cdot 6 x^{4}}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 5.2.1.4.2

Factor $3$ out of $6$ .

$\frac{3 x^{4} - 2 x^{2} + \frac{- 1}{3} \cdot (3 (2)) x^{4}}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 5.2.1.4.3

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{3 x^{4} - 2 x^{2} + \frac{- 1}{3} \cdot (3 \cdot 2) x^{4}}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 5.2.1.4.4

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{3 x^{4} - 2 x^{2} - 1 \cdot 2 x^{4}}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 5.2.1.5

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{3 x^{4} - 2 x^{2} - 2 x^{4}}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 5.2.2

Subtract $2 x^{4}$ from $3 x^{4}$ .

$\frac{x^{4} - 2 x^{2}}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 5.3

Factor $x^{2}$ out of $x^{4} - 2 x^{2}$ .

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Step 5.3.1

Factor $x^{2}$ out of $x^{4}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} x^{2} - 2 x^{2}}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 5.3.2

Factor $x^{2}$ out of $- 2 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} \cdot - 2}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$

Step 5.3.3

Factor $x^{2}$ out of $x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} \cdot - 2$ .

$\frac{x^{2} (x^{2} - 2)}{{(3 x^{2} - 2)}^{2}}$