Calculus Examples

$y = \sqrt{\sec (x^{3})}$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{\sec (x^{3})}$ as ${\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [{\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = \sec (x^{3})$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $\sec (x^{3})$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}}] \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x^{3})]$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{1}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x^{3})]$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $\sec (x^{3})$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x^{3})]$

Step 3

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x^{3})]$

Step 4

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x^{3})]$

Step 5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{2} {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x^{3})]$

Step 6

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 6.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x^{3})]$

Step 6.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x^{3})]$

Step 7

Combine fractions.

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Step 7.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{1}{2} {\sec (x^{3})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x^{3})]$

Step 7.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and ${\sec (x^{3})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{{\sec (x^{3})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x^{3})]$

Step 7.3

Move ${\sec (x^{3})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x^{3})]$

Step 8

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \sec (x)$ and $g (x) = x^{3}$ .

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Step 8.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $x^{3}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [\sec (u_{2})] \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}])$

Step 8.2

The derivative of $\sec (u_{2})$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $\sec (u_{2}) \tan (u_{2})$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\sec (u_{2}) \tan (u_{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}])$

Step 8.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $x^{3}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\sec (x^{3}) \tan (x^{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}])$

Step 9

Combine fractions.

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Step 9.1

Combine $\sec (x^{3})$ and $\frac{1}{2 {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{\sec (x^{3})}{2 {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\tan (x^{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}])$

Step 9.2

Combine $\tan (x^{3})$ and $\frac{\sec (x^{3})}{2 {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{\tan (x^{3}) \sec (x^{3})}{2 {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]$

Step 9.3

Move ${\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ to the numerator using the negative exponent rule $\frac{1}{b^{n}} = b^{- n}$ .

$\frac{\tan (x^{3}) \sec (x^{3}) {\sec (x^{3})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]$

Step 10

Multiply $\sec (x^{3})$ by ${\sec (x^{3})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 10.1

Move ${\sec (x^{3})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\tan (x^{3}) ({\sec (x^{3})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \sec (x^{3}))}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]$

Step 10.2

Multiply ${\sec (x^{3})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by $\sec (x^{3})$ .

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Step 10.2.1

Raise $\sec (x^{3})$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{\tan (x^{3}) ({\sec (x^{3})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \sec^{1} (x^{3}))}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]$

Step 10.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\tan (x^{3}) {\sec (x^{3})}^{- \frac{1}{2} + 1}}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]$

Step 10.3

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{\tan (x^{3}) {\sec (x^{3})}^{- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{2}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]$

Step 10.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\tan (x^{3}) {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{- 1 + 2}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]$

Step 10.5

Add $- 1$ and $2$ .

$\frac{\tan (x^{3}) {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]$

Step 11

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$\frac{\tan (x^{3}) {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} (3 x^{2})$

Step 12

Combine fractions.

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Step 12.1

Combine $3$ and $\frac{\tan (x^{3}) {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ .

$\frac{3 (\tan (x^{3}) {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2} x^{2}$

Step 12.2

Combine $\frac{3 (\tan (x^{3}) {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2}$ and $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{3 (\tan (x^{3}) {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}}) x^{2}}{2}$

Step 12.3

Reorder factors in $3 \tan (x^{3}) {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{2} {\sec (x^{3})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \tan (x^{3})}{2}$