Calculus Examples

$P = \frac{B^{3} r}{R^{2} + R r + r^{2}}$

Step 1

Differentiate both sides of the equation.

$\frac{d}{d r} (P) = \frac{d}{d r} (\frac{B^{3} r}{R^{2} + R r + r^{2}})$

Step 2

The derivative of $P$ with respect to $r$ is $P'$ .

$P'$

Step 3

Differentiate the right side of the equation.

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Step 3.1

Since $B^{3}$ is constant with respect to $r$ , the derivative of $\frac{B^{3} r}{R^{2} + R r + r^{2}}$ with respect to $r$ is $B^{3} \frac{d}{d r} [\frac{r}{R^{2} + R r + r^{2}}]$ .

$B^{3} \frac{d}{d r} [\frac{r}{R^{2} + R r + r^{2}}]$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d r} [\frac{f (r)}{g (r)}]$ is $\frac{g (r) \frac{d}{d r} [f (r)] - f (r) \frac{d}{d r} [g (r)]}{{g (r)}^{2}}$ where $f (r) = r$ and $g (r) = R^{2} + R r + r^{2}$ .

$B^{3} \frac{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2}) \frac{d}{d r} [r] - r \frac{d}{d r} [R^{2} + R r + r^{2}]}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.3

Differentiate.

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Step 3.3.1

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d r} [r^{n}]$ is $n r^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$B^{3} \frac{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2}) \cdot 1 - r \frac{d}{d r} [R^{2} + R r + r^{2}]}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.3.2

Multiply $R^{2} + R r + r^{2}$ by $1$ .

$B^{3} \frac{R^{2} + R r + r^{2} - r \frac{d}{d r} [R^{2} + R r + r^{2}]}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.3.3

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $R^{2} + R r + r^{2}$ with respect to $r$ is $\frac{d}{d r} [R^{2}] + \frac{d}{d r} [R r] + \frac{d}{d r} [r^{2}]$ .

$B^{3} \frac{R^{2} + R r + r^{2} - r (\frac{d}{d r} [R^{2}] + \frac{d}{d r} [R r] + \frac{d}{d r} [r^{2}])}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.3.4

Since $R^{2}$ is constant with respect to $r$ , the derivative of $R^{2}$ with respect to $r$ is $0$ .

$B^{3} \frac{R^{2} + R r + r^{2} - r (0 + \frac{d}{d r} [R r] + \frac{d}{d r} [r^{2}])}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.3.5

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d r} [R r]$ .

$B^{3} \frac{R^{2} + R r + r^{2} - r (\frac{d}{d r} [R r] + \frac{d}{d r} [r^{2}])}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.3.6

Since $R$ is constant with respect to $r$ , the derivative of $R r$ with respect to $r$ is $R \frac{d}{d r} [r]$ .

$B^{3} \frac{R^{2} + R r + r^{2} - r (R \frac{d}{d r} [r] + \frac{d}{d r} [r^{2}])}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.3.7

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d r} [r^{n}]$ is $n r^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$B^{3} \frac{R^{2} + R r + r^{2} - r (R \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d r} [r^{2}])}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.3.8

Multiply $R$ by $1$ .

$B^{3} \frac{R^{2} + R r + r^{2} - r (R + \frac{d}{d r} [r^{2}])}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.3.9

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d r} [r^{n}]$ is $n r^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$B^{3} \frac{R^{2} + R r + r^{2} - r (R + 2 r)}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.3.10

Combine $B^{3}$ and $\frac{R^{2} + R r + r^{2} - r (R + 2 r)}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$ .

$\frac{B^{3} (R^{2} + R r + r^{2} - r (R + 2 r))}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.4

Simplify.

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Step 3.4.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{B^{3} (R^{2} + R r + r^{2} - r R - r (2 r))}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{B^{3} R^{2} + B^{3} (R r) + B^{3} r^{2} + B^{3} (- r R) + B^{3} (- r (2 r))}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.4.3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 3.4.3.1

Combine the opposite terms in $B^{3} R^{2} + B^{3} (R r) + B^{3} r^{2} + B^{3} (- r R) + B^{3} (- r (2 r))$ .

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Step 3.4.3.1.1

Reorder the factors in the terms $B^{3} (R r)$ and $B^{3} (- r R)$ .

$\frac{B^{3} R^{2} + B^{3} R r + B^{3} r^{2} - B^{3} R r + B^{3} (- r (2 r))}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.4.3.1.2

Subtract $B^{3} R r$ from $B^{3} R r$ .

$\frac{B^{3} R^{2} + B^{3} r^{2} + 0 + B^{3} (- r (2 r))}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.4.3.1.3

Add $B^{3} R^{2} + B^{3} r^{2}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{B^{3} R^{2} + B^{3} r^{2} + B^{3} (- r (2 r))}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.4.3.2

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.4.3.2.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{B^{3} R^{2} + B^{3} r^{2} - 1 \cdot 2 B^{3} r \cdot r}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.4.3.2.2

Multiply $r$ by $r$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 3.4.3.2.2.1

Move $r$ .

$\frac{B^{3} R^{2} + B^{3} r^{2} - 1 \cdot 2 B^{3} (r \cdot r)}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.4.3.2.2.2

Multiply $r$ by $r$ .

$\frac{B^{3} R^{2} + B^{3} r^{2} - 1 \cdot 2 B^{3} r^{2}}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.4.3.2.3

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{B^{3} R^{2} + B^{3} r^{2} - 2 B^{3} r^{2}}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.4.3.3

Subtract $2 B^{3} r^{2}$ from $B^{3} r^{2}$ .

$\frac{B^{3} R^{2} - B^{3} r^{2}}{{(R^{2} + R r + r^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.4.4

Reorder terms.

$\frac{B^{3} R^{2} - B^{3} r^{2}}{{(R^{2} + r^{2} + R r)}^{2}}$

Step 3.4.5

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 3.4.5.1

Factor $B^{3}$ out of $B^{3} R^{2} - B^{3} r^{2}$ .

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Step 3.4.5.1.1

Factor $B^{3}$ out of $B^{3} R^{2}$ .

$\frac{B^{3} (R^{2}) - B^{3} r^{2}}{{(R^{2} + r^{2} + R r)}^{2}}$

Step 3.4.5.1.2

Factor $B^{3}$ out of $- B^{3} r^{2}$ .

$\frac{B^{3} (R^{2}) + B^{3} (- r^{2})}{{(R^{2} + r^{2} + R r)}^{2}}$

Step 3.4.5.1.3

Factor $B^{3}$ out of $B^{3} (R^{2}) + B^{3} (- r^{2})$ .

$\frac{B^{3} (R^{2} - r^{2})}{{(R^{2} + r^{2} + R r)}^{2}}$

Step 3.4.5.2

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = R$ and $b = r$ .

$\frac{B^{3} (R + r) (R - r)}{{(R^{2} + r^{2} + R r)}^{2}}$

Step 4

Reform the equation by setting the left side equal to the right side.

$P' = \frac{B^{3} (R + r) (R - r)}{{(R^{2} + r^{2} + R r)}^{2}}$

Step 5

Replace $P'$ with $\frac{d P}{d r}$ .

$\frac{d P}{d r} = \frac{B^{3} (R + r) (R - r)}{{(R^{2} + r^{2} + R r)}^{2}}$