Calculus Examples

$\frac{y - 1}{y^{2} - 3 y + 3}$

Step 1

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d y} [\frac{f (y)}{g (y)}]$ is $\frac{g (y) \frac{d}{d y} [f (y)] - f (y) \frac{d}{d y} [g (y)]}{{g (y)}^{2}}$ where $f (y) = y - 1$ and $g (y) = y^{2} - 3 y + 3$ .

$\frac{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3) \frac{d}{d y} [y - 1] - (y - 1) \frac{d}{d y} [y^{2} - 3 y + 3]}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 2

Differentiate.

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Step 2.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $y - 1$ with respect to $y$ is $\frac{d}{d y} [y] + \frac{d}{d y} [- 1]$ .

$\frac{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3) (\frac{d}{d y} [y] + \frac{d}{d y} [- 1]) - (y - 1) \frac{d}{d y} [y^{2} - 3 y + 3]}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d y} [y^{n}]$ is $n y^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3) (1 + \frac{d}{d y} [- 1]) - (y - 1) \frac{d}{d y} [y^{2} - 3 y + 3]}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 2.3

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $y$ , the derivative of $- 1$ with respect to $y$ is $0$ .

$\frac{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3) (1 + 0) - (y - 1) \frac{d}{d y} [y^{2} - 3 y + 3]}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 2.4

Simplify the expression.

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Step 2.4.1

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$\frac{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3) \cdot 1 - (y - 1) \frac{d}{d y} [y^{2} - 3 y + 3]}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 2.4.2

Multiply $y^{2} - 3 y + 3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 - (y - 1) \frac{d}{d y} [y^{2} - 3 y + 3]}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 2.5

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $y^{2} - 3 y + 3$ with respect to $y$ is $\frac{d}{d y} [y^{2}] + \frac{d}{d y} [- 3 y] + \frac{d}{d y} [3]$ .

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 - (y - 1) (\frac{d}{d y} [y^{2}] + \frac{d}{d y} [- 3 y] + \frac{d}{d y} [3])}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 2.6

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d y} [y^{n}]$ is $n y^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 - (y - 1) (2 y + \frac{d}{d y} [- 3 y] + \frac{d}{d y} [3])}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 2.7

Since $- 3$ is constant with respect to $y$ , the derivative of $- 3 y$ with respect to $y$ is $- 3 \frac{d}{d y} [y]$ .

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 - (y - 1) (2 y - 3 \frac{d}{d y} [y] + \frac{d}{d y} [3])}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 2.8

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d y} [y^{n}]$ is $n y^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 - (y - 1) (2 y - 3 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d y} [3])}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 2.9

Multiply $- 3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 - (y - 1) (2 y - 3 + \frac{d}{d y} [3])}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 2.10

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $y$ , the derivative of $3$ with respect to $y$ is $0$ .

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 - (y - 1) (2 y - 3 + 0)}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 2.11

Add $2 y - 3$ and $0$ .

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 - (y - 1) (2 y - 3)}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3

Simplify.

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Step 3.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 + (- y - - 1) (2 y - 3)}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 3.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.2.1.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 + (- y + 1) (2 y - 3)}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.2

Expand $(- y + 1) (2 y - 3)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 3.2.1.2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 - y (2 y - 3) + 1 (2 y - 3)}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.2.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 - y (2 y) - y \cdot - 3 + 1 (2 y - 3)}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.2.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 - y (2 y) - y \cdot - 3 + 1 (2 y) + 1 \cdot - 3}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.3

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 3.2.1.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.2.1.3.1.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 - 1 \cdot 2 y \cdot y - y \cdot - 3 + 1 (2 y) + 1 \cdot - 3}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.3.1.2

Multiply $y$ by $y$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 3.2.1.3.1.2.1

Move $y$ .

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 - 1 \cdot 2 (y \cdot y) - y \cdot - 3 + 1 (2 y) + 1 \cdot - 3}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.3.1.2.2

Multiply $y$ by $y$ .

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 - 1 \cdot 2 y^{2} - y \cdot - 3 + 1 (2 y) + 1 \cdot - 3}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.3.1.3

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 - 2 y^{2} - y \cdot - 3 + 1 (2 y) + 1 \cdot - 3}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.3.1.4

Multiply $- 3$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 - 2 y^{2} + 3 y + 1 (2 y) + 1 \cdot - 3}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.3.1.5

Multiply $2 y$ by $1$ .

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 - 2 y^{2} + 3 y + 2 y + 1 \cdot - 3}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.3.1.6

Multiply $- 3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 - 2 y^{2} + 3 y + 2 y - 3}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.3.2

Add $3 y$ and $2 y$ .

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y + 3 - 2 y^{2} + 5 y - 3}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.2

Combine the opposite terms in $y^{2} - 3 y + 3 - 2 y^{2} + 5 y - 3$ .

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Step 3.2.2.1

Subtract $3$ from $3$ .

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y - 2 y^{2} + 5 y + 0}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.2.2

Add $y^{2} - 3 y - 2 y^{2} + 5 y$ and $0$ .

$\frac{y^{2} - 3 y - 2 y^{2} + 5 y}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.3

Subtract $2 y^{2}$ from $y^{2}$ .

$\frac{- y^{2} - 3 y + 5 y}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.4

Add $- 3 y$ and $5 y$ .

$\frac{- y^{2} + 2 y}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.3

Factor $y$ out of $- y^{2} + 2 y$ .

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Step 3.3.1

Factor $y$ out of $- y^{2}$ .

$\frac{y (- y) + 2 y}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.3.2

Factor $y$ out of $2 y$ .

$\frac{y (- y) + y \cdot 2}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.3.3

Factor $y$ out of $y (- y) + y \cdot 2$ .

$\frac{y (- y + 2)}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.4

Factor $- 1$ out of $- y$ .

$\frac{y (- (y) + 2)}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.5

Rewrite $2$ as $- 1 (- 2)$ .

$\frac{y (- (y) - 1 (- 2))}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.6

Factor $- 1$ out of $- (y) - 1 (- 2)$ .

$\frac{y (- (y - 2))}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.7

Rewrite $- (y - 2)$ as $- 1 (y - 2)$ .

$\frac{y (- 1 (y - 2))}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.8

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{y (y - 2)}{{(y^{2} - 3 y + 3)}^{2}}$