Calculus Examples

$y = 8 \arcsin (\frac{x}{4}) - \frac{x \sqrt{16 - x^{2}}}{2}$

Step 1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $8 \arcsin (\frac{x}{4}) - \frac{x \sqrt{16 - x^{2}}}{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [8 \arcsin (\frac{x}{4})] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x \sqrt{16 - x^{2}}}{2}]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [8 \arcsin (\frac{x}{4})] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x \sqrt{16 - x^{2}}}{2}]$

Step 2

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [8 \arcsin (\frac{x}{4})]$ .

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Step 2.1

Since $8$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $8 \arcsin (\frac{x}{4})$ with respect to $x$ is $8 \frac{d}{d x} [\arcsin (\frac{x}{4})]$ .

$8 \frac{d}{d x} [\arcsin (\frac{x}{4})] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x \sqrt{16 - x^{2}}}{2}]$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \arcsin (x)$ and $g (x) = \frac{x}{4}$ .

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Step 2.2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $\frac{x}{4}$ .

$8 (\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [\arcsin (u_{1})] \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{4}]) + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x \sqrt{16 - x^{2}}}{2}]$

Step 2.2.2

The derivative of $\arcsin (u_{1})$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {u_{1}}^{2}}}$ .

$8 (\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {u_{1}}^{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{4}]) + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x \sqrt{16 - x^{2}}}{2}]$

Step 2.2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $\frac{x}{4}$ .

$8 (\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{4}]) + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x \sqrt{16 - x^{2}}}{2}]$

Step 2.3

Since $\frac{1}{4}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{x}{4}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{4} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$8 (\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} (\frac{1}{4} \frac{d}{d x} [x])) + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x \sqrt{16 - x^{2}}}{2}]$

Step 2.4

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$8 (\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} (\frac{1}{4} \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x \sqrt{16 - x^{2}}}{2}]$

Step 2.5

Multiply $\frac{1}{4}$ by $1$ .

$8 (\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{1}{4}) + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x \sqrt{16 - x^{2}}}{2}]$

Step 2.6

Multiply $\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}}$ by $\frac{1}{4}$ .

$8 \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}} \cdot 4} + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x \sqrt{16 - x^{2}}}{2}]$

Step 2.7

Move $4$ to the left of $\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}$ .

$8 \frac{1}{4 \cdot \sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x \sqrt{16 - x^{2}}}{2}]$

Step 2.8

Combine $8$ and $\frac{1}{4 \sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}}$ .

$\frac{8}{4 \sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x \sqrt{16 - x^{2}}}{2}]$

Step 2.9

Cancel the common factor of $8$ and $4$ .

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Step 2.9.1

Factor $4$ out of $8$ .

$\frac{4 \cdot 2}{4 \sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x \sqrt{16 - x^{2}}}{2}]$

Step 2.9.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 2.9.2.1

Factor $4$ out of $4 \sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}$ .

$\frac{4 \cdot 2}{4 (\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}})} + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x \sqrt{16 - x^{2}}}{2}]$

Step 2.9.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{4 \cdot 2}{4 \sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x \sqrt{16 - x^{2}}}{2}]$

Step 2.9.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x \sqrt{16 - x^{2}}}{2}]$

Step 3

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x \sqrt{16 - x^{2}}}{2}]$ .

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Step 3.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{16 - x^{2}}$ as ${(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}]$

Step 3.2

Since $- \frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- \frac{x {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{1}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [x {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [x {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 3.3

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x \frac{d}{d x} [{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}] + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 3.4

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = 16 - x^{2}$ .

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Step 3.4.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $16 - x^{2}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}}] \frac{d}{d x} [16 - x^{2}]) + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 3.4.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{2}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x (\frac{1}{2} {u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [16 - x^{2}]) + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 3.4.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $16 - x^{2}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x (\frac{1}{2} {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [16 - x^{2}]) + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 3.5

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $16 - x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [16] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}]$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x (\frac{1}{2} {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} (\frac{d}{d x} [16] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}])) + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 3.6

Since $16$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $16$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x (\frac{1}{2} {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} (0 + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}])) + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 3.7

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x (\frac{1}{2} {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} (0 - \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}])) + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 3.8

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x (\frac{1}{2} {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} (0 - (2 x))) + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 3.9

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x (\frac{1}{2} {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} (0 - (2 x))) + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.10

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x (\frac{1}{2} {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} (0 - (2 x))) + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.11

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x (\frac{1}{2} {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} (0 - (2 x))) + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.12

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x (\frac{1}{2} {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} (0 - (2 x))) + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.13

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 3.13.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x (\frac{1}{2} {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} (0 - (2 x))) + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.13.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x (\frac{1}{2} {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} (0 - (2 x))) + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.14

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x (\frac{1}{2} {(16 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} (0 - (2 x))) + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.15

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x (\frac{1}{2} {(16 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} (0 - 2 x)) + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.16

Subtract $2 x$ from $0$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x (\frac{1}{2} {(16 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} (- 2 x)) + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.17

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and ${(16 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x (\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} (- 2 x)) + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.18

Combine $- 2$ and $\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x (\frac{- 2 {(16 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} x) + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.19

Combine $\frac{- 2 {(16 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ and $x$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x \frac{- 2 {(16 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} x}{2} + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.20

Move ${(16 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x \frac{- 2 x}{2 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.21

Factor $2$ out of $- 2 x$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x \frac{2 (- x)}{2 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.22

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 3.22.1

Factor $2$ out of $2 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x \frac{2 (- x)}{2 ({(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.22.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x \frac{2 (- x)}{2 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.22.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x \frac{- x}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.23

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (x (- \frac{x}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}) + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.24

Combine $x$ and $\frac{x}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (- \frac{x \cdot x}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.25

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (- \frac{x^{1} x}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.26

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (- \frac{x^{1} x^{1}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.27

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (- \frac{x^{1 + 1}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.28

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (- \frac{x^{2}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.29

Multiply ${(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (- \frac{x^{2}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})$

Step 3.30

To write ${(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} (- \frac{x^{2}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})$

Step 3.31

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{- x^{2} + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 3.32

Multiply ${(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by ${(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 3.32.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{- x^{2} + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 3.32.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{- x^{2} + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1 + 1}{2}}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 3.32.3

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{- x^{2} + {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{2}{2}}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 3.32.4

Divide $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{- x^{2} + {(16 - x^{2})}^{1}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 3.33

Simplify ${(16 - x^{2})}^{1}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{- x^{2} + 16 - x^{2}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 3.34

Subtract $x^{2}$ from $- x^{2}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{- 2 x^{2} + 16}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 3.35

Multiply $\frac{- 2 x^{2} + 16}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ by $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{- 2 x^{2} + 16}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2}$

Step 3.36

Move $2$ to the left of ${(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{- 2 x^{2} + 16}{2 \cdot {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 3.37

Factor $2$ out of $- 2 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{2 (- x^{2}) + 16}{2 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 3.38

Factor $2$ out of $16$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{2 (- x^{2}) + 2 \cdot 8}{2 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 3.39

Factor $2$ out of $2 (- x^{2}) + 2 (8)$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{2 (- x^{2} + 8)}{2 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 3.40

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 3.40.1

Factor $2$ out of $2 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{2 (- x^{2} + 8)}{2 ({(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}$

Step 3.40.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{2 (- x^{2} + 8)}{2 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 3.40.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{4})}^{2}}} - \frac{- x^{2} + 8}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 4

Simplify.

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Step 4.1

Apply the product rule to $\frac{x}{4}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{4^{2}}}} - \frac{- x^{2} + 8}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 4.2

Combine terms.

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Step 4.2.1

Raise $4$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}} - \frac{- x^{2} + 8}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 4.2.2

To write $\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}} \cdot \frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - \frac{- x^{2} + 8}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 4.2.3

To write $- \frac{- x^{2} + 8}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$ .

$\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}} \cdot \frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - \frac{- x^{2} + 8}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.2.4

Write each expression with a common denominator of $\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}} {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

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Step 4.2.4.1

Multiply $\frac{2}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$ by $\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{2 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}} {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - \frac{- x^{2} + 8}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.2.4.2

Multiply $\frac{- x^{2} + 8}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$ .

$\frac{2 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}} {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - \frac{(- x^{2} + 8) \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.2.4.3

Reorder the factors of $\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}} {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{2 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}} - \frac{(- x^{2} + 8) \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.2.5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{2 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (- x^{2} + 8) \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.3

Reorder terms.

$\frac{- \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}} (- x^{2} + 8) + 2 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.4.1

Add parentheses.

$\frac{- (\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}} (- x^{2} + 8)) + 2 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.2

Let $u = {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ . Substitute $u$ for all occurrences of ${(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 4.4.2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)} x^{2} + \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)} \cdot - 8 + 2 u \cdot 4}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.2.2

Move $- 8$ to the left of $\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}$ .

$\frac{\frac{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)} x^{2} - 8 \cdot \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)} + 2 u \cdot 4}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.2.3

Multiply $4$ by $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)} x^{2} - 8 \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)} + 8 u}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with ${(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)} x^{2} - 8 \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.4

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}$ as ${((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{{((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.5

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}$ as ${((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{{((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.6

Expand $(4 + x) (4 - x)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 4.4.6.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{{(4 (4 - x) + x (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.6.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{{(4 \cdot 4 + 4 (- x) + x (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.6.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{{(4 \cdot 4 + 4 (- x) + x \cdot 4 + x (- x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.7

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 4.4.7.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.4.7.1.1

Multiply $4$ by $4$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 + 4 (- x) + x \cdot 4 + x (- x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.7.1.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $4$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - 4 x + x \cdot 4 + x (- x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.7.1.3

Move $4$ to the left of $x$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - 4 x + 4 \cdot x + x (- x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.7.1.4

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - 4 x + 4 x - x \cdot x)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.7.1.5

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.4.7.1.5.1

Move $x$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - 4 x + 4 x - (x \cdot x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.7.1.5.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - 4 x + 4 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.7.2

Add $- 4 x$ and $4 x$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 + 0 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.7.3

Add $16$ and $0$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.8

Expand $(4 + x) (4 - x)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 4.4.8.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {(4 (4 - x) + x (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.8.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {(4 \cdot 4 + 4 (- x) + x (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.8.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {(4 \cdot 4 + 4 (- x) + x \cdot 4 + x (- x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.9

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 4.4.9.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.4.9.1.1

Multiply $4$ by $4$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {(16 + 4 (- x) + x \cdot 4 + x (- x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.9.1.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $4$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {(16 - 4 x + x \cdot 4 + x (- x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.9.1.3

Move $4$ to the left of $x$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {(16 - 4 x + 4 \cdot x + x (- x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.9.1.4

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {(16 - 4 x + 4 x - x \cdot x)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.9.1.5

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.4.9.1.5.1

Move $x$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {(16 - 4 x + 4 x - (x \cdot x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.9.1.5.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {(16 - 4 x + 4 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.9.2

Add $- 4 x$ and $4 x$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {(16 + 0 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.9.3

Add $16$ and $0$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} - 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.10

Add $- 8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $8 {(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} + 0}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.4.11

Add ${(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.5

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 4.5.1

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{\frac{16}{16} - \frac{x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.5.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{\frac{16 - x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.5.3

Rewrite $\frac{16 - x^{2}}{16}$ in a factored form.

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Step 4.5.3.1

Rewrite $16$ as $4^{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{\frac{4^{2} - x^{2}}{16}}}$

Step 4.5.3.2

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = 4$ and $b = x$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{\frac{(4 + x) (4 - x)}{16}}}$

Step 4.5.4

Rewrite $\frac{(4 + x) (4 - x)}{16}$ as ${(\frac{1}{4})}^{2} ((4 + x) (4 - x))$ .

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Step 4.5.4.1

Factor the perfect power $1^{2}$ out of $(4 + x) (4 - x)$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{\frac{1^{2} ((4 + x) (4 - x))}{16}}}$

Step 4.5.4.2

Factor the perfect power $4^{2}$ out of $16$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{\frac{1^{2} ((4 + x) (4 - x))}{4^{2} \cdot 1}}}$

Step 4.5.4.3

Rearrange the fraction $\frac{1^{2} ((4 + x) (4 - x))}{4^{2} \cdot 1}$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{{(\frac{1}{4})}^{2} ((4 + x) (4 - x))}}$

Step 4.5.5

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{4} \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)})}$

Step 4.5.6

Combine $\frac{1}{4}$ and $\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}{4}}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}{4}}$

Step 4.6

Combine ${(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $\frac{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}{4}$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}{4}}{\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}{4}}$

Step 4.7

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}{4} \cdot \frac{4}{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}$

Step 4.8

Combine.

$\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} \cdot 4}{4 ({(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)})}$

Step 4.9

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{{(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2} \cdot 4}{4 ({(16 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)})}$

Step 4.10

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x^{2} \cdot 4}{4 (\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)})}$

Step 4.11

Cancel the common factor of $4$ .

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Step 4.11.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x^{2} \cdot 4}{4 \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}$

Step 4.11.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x^{2}}{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}$

Step 4.12

Multiply $\frac{x^{2}}{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}$ .

$\frac{x^{2}}{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}$

Step 4.13

Combine and simplify the denominator.

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Step 4.13.1

Multiply $\frac{x^{2}}{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)} \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}$

Step 4.13.2

Raise $\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}{{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}^{1} \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}$

Step 4.13.3

Raise $\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}{{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}^{1} {\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}^{1}}$

Step 4.13.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{x^{2} \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}{{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}^{1 + 1}}$

Step 4.13.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}{{\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}^{2}}$

Step 4.13.6

Rewrite ${\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}^{2}$ as $(4 + x) (4 - x)$ .

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Step 4.13.6.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}$ as ${((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}{{({((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 4.13.6.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}{{((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}$

Step 4.13.6.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}{{((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{2}{2}}}$

Step 4.13.6.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 4.13.6.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x^{2} \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}{{((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{\frac{2}{2}}}$

Step 4.13.6.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x^{2} \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}{{((4 + x) (4 - x))}^{1}}$

Step 4.13.6.5

Simplify.

$\frac{x^{2} \sqrt{(4 + x) (4 - x)}}{(4 + x) (4 - x)}$