Calculus Examples

$y = \sec (x) (x - \tan (x))$

Step 1

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = \sec (x)$ and $g (x) = x - \tan (x)$ .

$\sec (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x - \tan (x)] + (x - \tan (x)) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)]$

Step 2

Differentiate.

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Step 2.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x - \tan (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \tan (x)]$ .

$\sec (x) (\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \tan (x)]) + (x - \tan (x)) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)]$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\sec (x) (1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- \tan (x)]) + (x - \tan (x)) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)]$

Step 2.3

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- \tan (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (x)]$ .

$\sec (x) (1 - \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (x)]) + (x - \tan (x)) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)]$

Step 3

The derivative of $\tan (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec^{2} (x)$ .

$\sec (x) (1 - \sec^{2} (x)) + (x - \tan (x)) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)]$

Step 4

The derivative of $\sec (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec (x) \tan (x)$ .

$\sec (x) (1 - \sec^{2} (x)) + (x - \tan (x)) (\sec (x) \tan (x))$

Step 5

Simplify.

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Step 5.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\sec (x) \cdot 1 + \sec (x) (- \sec^{2} (x)) + (x - \tan (x)) \sec (x) \tan (x)$

Step 5.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\sec (x) \cdot 1 + \sec (x) (- \sec^{2} (x)) + (x \sec (x) - \tan (x) \sec (x)) \tan (x)$

Step 5.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\sec (x) \cdot 1 + \sec (x) (- \sec^{2} (x)) + x \sec (x) \tan (x) - \tan (x) \sec (x) \tan (x)$

Step 5.4

Combine terms.

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Step 5.4.1

Multiply $\sec (x)$ by $1$ .

$\sec (x) + \sec (x) (- \sec^{2} (x)) + x \sec (x) \tan (x) - \tan (x) \sec (x) \tan (x)$

Step 5.4.2

Raise $\sec (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\sec (x) - (\sec^{1} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + x \sec (x) \tan (x) - \tan (x) \sec (x) \tan (x)$

Step 5.4.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\sec (x) - {\sec (x)}^{1 + 2} + x \sec (x) \tan (x) - \tan (x) \sec (x) \tan (x)$

Step 5.4.4

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$\sec (x) - \sec^{3} (x) + x \sec (x) \tan (x) - \tan (x) \sec (x) \tan (x)$

Step 5.4.5

Raise $\tan (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\sec (x) - \sec^{3} (x) + x \sec (x) \tan (x) - (\tan^{1} (x) \tan (x)) \sec (x)$

Step 5.4.6

Raise $\tan (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\sec (x) - \sec^{3} (x) + x \sec (x) \tan (x) - (\tan^{1} (x) \tan^{1} (x)) \sec (x)$

Step 5.4.7

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\sec (x) - \sec^{3} (x) + x \sec (x) \tan (x) - {\tan (x)}^{1 + 1} \sec (x)$

Step 5.4.8

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\sec (x) - \sec^{3} (x) + x \sec (x) \tan (x) - \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5

Reorder terms.

$x \sec (x) \tan (x) - \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) - \sec^{3} (x)$

Step 5.6

Factor $\sec (x)$ out of $x \sec (x) \tan (x) - \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) - \sec^{3} (x)$ .

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Step 5.6.1

Factor $\sec (x)$ out of $x \sec (x) \tan (x)$ .

$\sec (x) (x \tan (x)) - \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) - \sec^{3} (x)$

Step 5.6.2

Factor $\sec (x)$ out of $- \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)$ .

$\sec (x) (x \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (- \tan^{2} (x)) + \sec (x) - \sec^{3} (x)$

Step 5.6.3

Multiply by $1$ .

$\sec (x) (x \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (- \tan^{2} (x)) + \sec (x) \cdot 1 - \sec^{3} (x)$

Step 5.6.4

Factor $\sec (x)$ out of $- \sec^{3} (x)$ .

$\sec (x) (x \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (- \tan^{2} (x)) + \sec (x) \cdot 1 + \sec (x) (- \sec^{2} (x))$

Step 5.6.5

Factor $\sec (x)$ out of $\sec (x) (x \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (- \tan^{2} (x))$ .

$\sec (x) (x \tan (x) - \tan^{2} (x)) + \sec (x) \cdot 1 + \sec (x) (- \sec^{2} (x))$

Step 5.6.6

Factor $\sec (x)$ out of $\sec (x) (x \tan (x) - \tan^{2} (x)) + \sec (x) \cdot 1$ .

$\sec (x) (x \tan (x) - \tan^{2} (x) + 1) + \sec (x) (- \sec^{2} (x))$

Step 5.6.7

Factor $\sec (x)$ out of $\sec (x) (x \tan (x) - \tan^{2} (x) + 1) + \sec (x) (- \sec^{2} (x))$ .

$\sec (x) (x \tan (x) - \tan^{2} (x) + 1 - \sec^{2} (x))$

Step 5.7

Reorder $1$ and $- \sec^{2} (x)$ .

$\sec (x) (x \tan (x) - \tan^{2} (x) - \sec^{2} (x) + 1)$

Step 5.8

Factor $- 1$ out of $- \sec^{2} (x)$ .

$\sec (x) (x \tan (x) - \tan^{2} (x) - (\sec^{2} (x)) + 1)$

Step 5.9

Rewrite $1$ as $- 1 (- 1)$ .

$\sec (x) (x \tan (x) - \tan^{2} (x) - \sec^{2} (x) - 1 \cdot - 1)$

Step 5.10

Factor $- 1$ out of $- \sec^{2} (x) - 1 \cdot - 1$ .

$\sec (x) (x \tan (x) - \tan^{2} (x) - (\sec^{2} (x) - 1))$

Step 5.11

Apply pythagorean identity.

$\sec (x) (x \tan (x) - \tan^{2} (x) - \tan^{2} (x))$

Step 5.12

Subtract $\tan^{2} (x)$ from $- \tan^{2} (x)$ .

$\sec (x) (x \tan (x) - 2 \tan^{2} (x))$

Step 5.13

Apply the distributive property.

$\sec (x) (x \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (- 2 \tan^{2} (x))$

Step 5.14

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\sec (x) x \tan (x) - 2 \sec (x) \tan^{2} (x)$

Step 5.15

Reorder factors in $\sec (x) x \tan (x) - 2 \sec (x) \tan^{2} (x)$ .

$x \sec (x) \tan (x) - 2 \sec (x) \tan^{2} (x)$