Calculus Examples

$y = \frac{\cos (π x)}{\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)}$

Step 1

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = \cos (π x)$ and $g (x) = \sin (π x) + \cos (π x)$ .

$\frac{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)) \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (π x)] - \cos (π x) \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)]}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \cos (x)$ and $g (x) = π x$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $π x$ .

$\frac{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)) (\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [\cos (u_{1})] \frac{d}{d x} [π x]) - \cos (π x) \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)]}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 2.2

The derivative of $\cos (u_{1})$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $- \sin (u_{1})$ .

$\frac{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)) (- \sin (u_{1}) \frac{d}{d x} [π x]) - \cos (π x) \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)]}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $π x$ .

$\frac{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)) (- \sin (π x) \frac{d}{d x} [π x]) - \cos (π x) \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)]}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 3

Differentiate.

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Step 3.1

Since $π$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $π x$ with respect to $x$ is $π \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)) (- \sin (π x) (π \frac{d}{d x} [x])) - \cos (π x) \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)]}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)) (- \sin (π x) (π \cdot 1)) - \cos (π x) \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)]}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 3.3

Multiply $π$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)) (- \sin (π x) π) - \cos (π x) \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)]}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 3.4

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [\sin (π x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (π x)]$ .

$\frac{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)) (- \sin (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (\frac{d}{d x} [\sin (π x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (π x)])}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 4

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \sin (x)$ and $g (x) = π x$ .

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Step 4.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $π x$ .

$\frac{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)) (- \sin (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [\sin (u_{2})] \frac{d}{d x} [π x] + \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (π x)])}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 4.2

The derivative of $\sin (u_{2})$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $\cos (u_{2})$ .

$\frac{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)) (- \sin (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (\cos (u_{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [π x] + \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (π x)])}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 4.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $π x$ .

$\frac{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)) (- \sin (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) \frac{d}{d x} [π x] + \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (π x)])}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 5

Differentiate.

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Step 5.1

Since $π$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $π x$ with respect to $x$ is $π \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)) (- \sin (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) (π \frac{d}{d x} [x]) + \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (π x)])}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 5.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)) (- \sin (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) (π \cdot 1) + \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (π x)])}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 5.3

Multiply $π$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)) (- \sin (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) π + \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (π x)])}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 6

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \cos (x)$ and $g (x) = π x$ .

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Step 6.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{3}$ as $π x$ .

$\frac{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)) (- \sin (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) π + \frac{d}{d u_{3}} [\cos (u_{3})] \frac{d}{d x} [π x])}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 6.2

The derivative of $\cos (u_{3})$ with respect to $u_{3}$ is $- \sin (u_{3})$ .

$\frac{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)) (- \sin (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) π - \sin (u_{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [π x])}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 6.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{3}$ with $π x$ .

$\frac{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)) (- \sin (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) π - \sin (π x) \frac{d}{d x} [π x])}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 7

Differentiate.

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Step 7.1

Since $π$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $π x$ with respect to $x$ is $π \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)) (- \sin (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) π - \sin (π x) (π \frac{d}{d x} [x]))}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 7.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)) (- \sin (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) π - \sin (π x) (π \cdot 1))}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 7.3

Multiply $π$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x)) (- \sin (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) π - \sin (π x) π)}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 8

Simplify.

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Step 8.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\sin (π x) (- \sin (π x) π) + \cos (π x) (- \sin (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) π - \sin (π x) π)}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 8.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\sin (π x) (- \sin (π x) π) + \cos (π x) (- \sin (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (- \sin (π x) π)}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 8.3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 8.3.1

Combine the opposite terms in $\sin (π x) (- \sin (π x) π) + \cos (π x) (- \sin (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (- \sin (π x) π)$ .

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Step 8.3.1.1

Subtract $\cos (π x) (- \sin (π x) π)$ from $\cos (π x) (- \sin (π x) π)$ .

$\frac{\sin (π x) (- \sin (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) π) + 0}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 8.3.1.2

Add $\sin (π x) (- \sin (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) π)$ and $0$ .

$\frac{\sin (π x) (- \sin (π x) π) - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) π)}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 8.3.2

Simplify each term.

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Step 8.3.2.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{- π \sin (π x) \sin (π x) - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) π)}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 8.3.2.2

Multiply $- π \sin (π x) \sin (π x)$ .

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Step 8.3.2.2.1

Raise $\sin (π x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- π (\sin^{1} (π x) \sin (π x)) - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) π)}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 8.3.2.2.2

Raise $\sin (π x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- π (\sin^{1} (π x) \sin^{1} (π x)) - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) π)}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 8.3.2.2.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- π {\sin (π x)}^{1 + 1} - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) π)}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 8.3.2.2.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{- π \sin^{2} (π x) - \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) π)}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 8.3.2.3

Multiply $- \cos (π x) (\cos (π x) π)$ .

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Step 8.3.2.3.1

Raise $\cos (π x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- π \sin^{2} (π x) - (\cos^{1} (π x) \cos (π x)) π}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 8.3.2.3.2

Raise $\cos (π x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- π \sin^{2} (π x) - (\cos^{1} (π x) \cos^{1} (π x)) π}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 8.3.2.3.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- π \sin^{2} (π x) - {\cos (π x)}^{1 + 1} π}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 8.3.2.3.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{- π \sin^{2} (π x) - \cos^{2} (π x) π}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 8.3.3

Reorder factors in $- π \sin^{2} (π x) - \cos^{2} (π x) π$ .

$\frac{- π \sin^{2} (π x) - π \cos^{2} (π x)}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 8.4

Factor $- π$ out of $- π \sin^{2} (π x)$ .

$\frac{- π (\sin^{2} (π x)) - π \cos^{2} (π x)}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 8.5

Factor $- π$ out of $- π \cos^{2} (π x)$ .

$\frac{- π (\sin^{2} (π x)) - π (\cos^{2} (π x))}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 8.6

Factor $- π$ out of $- π (\sin^{2} (π x)) - π (\cos^{2} (π x))$ .

$\frac{- π (\sin^{2} (π x) + \cos^{2} (π x))}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 8.7

Apply pythagorean identity.

$\frac{- π \cdot 1}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 8.8

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{- π}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$

Step 8.9

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{π}{{(\sin (π x) + \cos (π x))}^{2}}$