Calculus Examples

$y = \log_{3} (\sqrt[4]{2 x^{4} - 6 x})$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt[4]{2 x^{4} - 6 x}$ as ${(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\log_{3} ({(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}})]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \log_{3} (x)$ and $g (x) = {(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}}$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as ${(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [\log_{3} (u_{1})] \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}}]$

Step 2.2

The derivative of $\log_{3} (u_{1})$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $\frac{1}{u_{1} \ln (3)}$ .

$\frac{1}{u_{1} \ln (3)} \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}}]$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with ${(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}} \ln (3)} \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}}]$

Step 3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{4}}$ and $g (x) = 2 x^{4} - 6 x$ .

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Step 3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $2 x^{4} - 6 x$ .

$\frac{1}{{(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}} \ln (3)} (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{4}}] \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4} - 6 x])$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{2}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{4}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}} \ln (3)} (\frac{1}{4} {u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{4} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4} - 6 x])$

Step 3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $2 x^{4} - 6 x$ .

$\frac{1}{{(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}} \ln (3)} (\frac{1}{4} {(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4} - 6 x])$

Step 4

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{4}{4}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}} \ln (3)} (\frac{1}{4} {(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4} - 1 \cdot \frac{4}{4}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4} - 6 x])$

Step 5

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{4}{4}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}} \ln (3)} (\frac{1}{4} {(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 4}{4}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4} - 6 x])$

Step 6

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{{(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}} \ln (3)} (\frac{1}{4} {(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 4}{4}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4} - 6 x])$

Step 7

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 7.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $4$ .

$\frac{1}{{(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}} \ln (3)} (\frac{1}{4} {(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1 - 4}{4}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4} - 6 x])$

Step 7.2

Subtract $4$ from $1$ .

$\frac{1}{{(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}} \ln (3)} (\frac{1}{4} {(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{- 3}{4}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4} - 6 x])$

Step 8

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{1}{{(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}} \ln (3)} (\frac{1}{4} {(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{- \frac{3}{4}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4} - 6 x])$

Step 9

Combine $\frac{1}{4}$ and ${(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{- \frac{3}{4}}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}} \ln (3)} (\frac{{(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{- \frac{3}{4}}}{4} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4} - 6 x])$

Step 10

Move ${(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{- \frac{3}{4}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}} \ln (3)} (\frac{1}{4 {(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{3}{4}}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4} - 6 x])$

Step 11

Multiply $\frac{1}{4 {(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{3}{4}}}$ by $\frac{1}{{(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}} \ln (3)}$ .

$\frac{1}{4 {(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{3}{4}} ({(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4}} \ln (3))} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4} - 6 x]$

Step 12

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{1}{4 {(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1}{4} + \frac{3}{4}} \ln (3)} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4} - 6 x]$

Step 13

Simplify the expression.

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Step 13.1

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{4 {(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{1 + 3}{4}} \ln (3)} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4} - 6 x]$

Step 13.2

Add $1$ and $3$ .

$\frac{1}{4 {(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{4}{4}} \ln (3)} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4} - 6 x]$

Step 14

Cancel the common factor of $4$ .

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Step 14.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{1}{4 {(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{\frac{4}{4}} \ln (3)} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4} - 6 x]$

Step 14.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{1}{4 {(2 x^{4} - 6 x)}^{1} \ln (3)} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4} - 6 x]$

Step 15

Simplify.

$\frac{1}{4 (2 x^{4} - 6 x) \ln (3)} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4} - 6 x]$

Step 16

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $2 x^{4} - 6 x$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 6 x]$ .

$\frac{1}{4 (2 x^{4} - 6 x) \ln (3)} (\frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 6 x])$

Step 17

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x^{4}$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}]$ .

$\frac{1}{4 (2 x^{4} - 6 x) \ln (3)} (2 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 6 x])$

Step 18

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 4$ .

$\frac{1}{4 (2 x^{4} - 6 x) \ln (3)} (2 (4 x^{3}) + \frac{d}{d x} [- 6 x])$

Step 19

Multiply $4$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{4 (2 x^{4} - 6 x) \ln (3)} (8 x^{3} + \frac{d}{d x} [- 6 x])$

Step 20

Since $- 6$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 6 x$ with respect to $x$ is $- 6 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{1}{4 (2 x^{4} - 6 x) \ln (3)} (8 x^{3} - 6 \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 21

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1}{4 (2 x^{4} - 6 x) \ln (3)} (8 x^{3} - 6 \cdot 1)$

Step 22

Multiply $- 6$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{4 (2 x^{4} - 6 x) \ln (3)} (8 x^{3} - 6)$

Step 23

Simplify.

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Step 23.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{1}{(4 (2 x^{4}) + 4 (- 6 x)) \ln (3)} (8 x^{3} - 6)$

Step 23.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{1}{4 (2 x^{4}) \ln (3) + 4 (- 6 x) \ln (3)} (8 x^{3} - 6)$

Step 23.3

Combine terms.

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Step 23.3.1

Multiply $2$ by $4$ .

$\frac{1}{8 x^{4} \ln (3) + 4 (- 6 x) \ln (3)} (8 x^{3} - 6)$

Step 23.3.2

Multiply $- 6$ by $4$ .

$\frac{1}{8 x^{4} \ln (3) - 24 x \ln (3)} (8 x^{3} - 6)$

Step 23.4

Reorder the factors of $\frac{1}{8 x^{4} \ln (3) - 24 x \ln (3)} (8 x^{3} - 6)$ .

$(8 x^{3} - 6) \frac{1}{8 x^{4} \ln (3) - 24 x \ln (3)}$

Step 23.5

Factor $8 x \ln (3)$ out of $8 x^{4} \ln (3) - 24 x \ln (3)$ .

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Step 23.5.1

Factor $8 x \ln (3)$ out of $8 x^{4} \ln (3)$ .

$(8 x^{3} - 6) \frac{1}{8 x \ln (3) (x^{3}) - 24 x \ln (3)}$

Step 23.5.2

Factor $8 x \ln (3)$ out of $- 24 x \ln (3)$ .

$(8 x^{3} - 6) \frac{1}{8 x \ln (3) (x^{3}) + 8 x \ln (3) (- 3)}$

Step 23.5.3

Factor $8 x \ln (3)$ out of $8 x \ln (3) (x^{3}) + 8 x \ln (3) (- 3)$ .

$(8 x^{3} - 6) \frac{1}{8 x \ln (3) (x^{3} - 3)}$

Step 23.6

Multiply $8 x^{3} - 6$ by $\frac{1}{8 x \ln (3) (x^{3} - 3)}$ .

$\frac{8 x^{3} - 6}{8 x \ln (3) (x^{3} - 3)}$

Step 23.7

Cancel the common factor of $8 x^{3} - 6$ and $8$ .

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Step 23.7.1

Factor $2$ out of $8 x^{3}$ .

$\frac{2 (4 x^{3}) - 6}{8 x \ln (3) (x^{3} - 3)}$

Step 23.7.2

Factor $2$ out of $- 6$ .

$\frac{2 (4 x^{3}) + 2 (- 3)}{8 x \ln (3) (x^{3} - 3)}$

Step 23.7.3

Factor $2$ out of $2 (4 x^{3}) + 2 (- 3)$ .

$\frac{2 (4 x^{3} - 3)}{8 x \ln (3) (x^{3} - 3)}$

Step 23.7.4

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 23.7.4.1

Factor $2$ out of $8 x \ln (3) (x^{3} - 3)$ .

$\frac{2 (4 x^{3} - 3)}{2 (4 x \ln (3) (x^{3} - 3))}$

Step 23.7.4.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 (4 x^{3} - 3)}{2 (4 x \ln (3) (x^{3} - 3))}$

Step 23.7.4.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{4 x^{3} - 3}{4 x \ln (3) (x^{3} - 3)}$