Calculus Examples

$y = \frac{\sec (2 x)}{1 + \tan (2 x)}$

Step 1

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = \sec (2 x)$ and $g (x) = 1 + \tan (2 x)$ .

$\frac{(1 + \tan (2 x)) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (2 x)] - \sec (2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [1 + \tan (2 x)]}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \sec (x)$ and $g (x) = 2 x$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $2 x$ .

$\frac{(1 + \tan (2 x)) (\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [\sec (u_{1})] \frac{d}{d x} [2 x]) - \sec (2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [1 + \tan (2 x)]}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 2.2

The derivative of $\sec (u_{1})$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $\sec (u_{1}) \tan (u_{1})$ .

$\frac{(1 + \tan (2 x)) (\sec (u_{1}) \tan (u_{1}) \frac{d}{d x} [2 x]) - \sec (2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [1 + \tan (2 x)]}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $2 x$ .

$\frac{(1 + \tan (2 x)) (\sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [2 x]) - \sec (2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [1 + \tan (2 x)]}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 3

Differentiate.

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Step 3.1

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{(1 + \tan (2 x)) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) (2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]) - \sec (2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [1 + \tan (2 x)]}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{(1 + \tan (2 x)) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) (2 \cdot 1) - \sec (2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [1 + \tan (2 x)]}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 3.3

Simplify the expression.

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Step 3.3.1

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + \tan (2 x)) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) \cdot 2 - \sec (2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [1 + \tan (2 x)]}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 3.3.2

Move $2$ to the left of $(1 + \tan (2 x)) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x)$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot ((1 + \tan (2 x)) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x)) - \sec (2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [1 + \tan (2 x)]}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 3.4

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $1 + \tan (2 x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (2 x)]$ .

$\frac{2 (1 + \tan (2 x)) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) - \sec (2 x) (\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (2 x)])}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 3.5

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{2 (1 + \tan (2 x)) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) - \sec (2 x) (0 + \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (2 x)])}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 3.6

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d x} [\tan (2 x)]$ .

$\frac{2 (1 + \tan (2 x)) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) - \sec (2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (2 x)]}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 4

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \tan (x)$ and $g (x) = 2 x$ .

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Step 4.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $2 x$ .

$\frac{2 (1 + \tan (2 x)) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) - \sec (2 x) (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [\tan (u_{2})] \frac{d}{d x} [2 x])}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 4.2

The derivative of $\tan (u_{2})$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $\sec^{2} (u_{2})$ .

$\frac{2 (1 + \tan (2 x)) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) - \sec (2 x) (\sec^{2} (u_{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [2 x])}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 4.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $2 x$ .

$\frac{2 (1 + \tan (2 x)) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) - \sec (2 x) (\sec^{2} (2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [2 x])}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 5

Raise $\sec (2 x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{2 (1 + \tan (2 x)) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) - (\sec^{2} (2 x) \sec^{1} (2 x)) \frac{d}{d x} [2 x]}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 6

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{2 (1 + \tan (2 x)) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) - {\sec (2 x)}^{2 + 1} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x]}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 7

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$\frac{2 (1 + \tan (2 x)) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) - \sec^{3} (2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [2 x]}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 8

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{2 (1 + \tan (2 x)) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) - \sec^{3} (2 x) (2 \frac{d}{d x} [x])}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 9

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{2 (1 + \tan (2 x)) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) - 2 \sec^{3} (2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 10

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{2 (1 + \tan (2 x)) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) - 2 \sec^{3} (2 x) \cdot 1}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 11

Multiply $- 2$ by $1$ .

$\frac{2 (1 + \tan (2 x)) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) - 2 \sec^{3} (2 x)}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12

Simplify.

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Step 12.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(2 \cdot 1 + 2 \tan (2 x)) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) - 2 \sec^{3} (2 x)}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(2 \cdot 1 \sec (2 x) + 2 \tan (2 x) \sec (2 x)) \tan (2 x) - 2 \sec^{3} (2 x)}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 \cdot 1 \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) + 2 \tan (2 x) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) - 2 \sec^{3} (2 x)}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.4

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 12.4.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 12.4.1.1

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) + 2 \tan (2 x) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) - 2 \sec^{3} (2 x)}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.1.2

Multiply $2 \tan (2 x) \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x)$ .

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Step 12.4.1.2.1

Raise $\tan (2 x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) + 2 (\tan^{1} (2 x) \tan (2 x)) \sec (2 x) - 2 \sec^{3} (2 x)}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.1.2.2

Raise $\tan (2 x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) + 2 (\tan^{1} (2 x) \tan^{1} (2 x)) \sec (2 x) - 2 \sec^{3} (2 x)}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.1.2.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) + 2 {\tan (2 x)}^{1 + 1} \sec (2 x) - 2 \sec^{3} (2 x)}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.1.2.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) + 2 \tan^{2} (2 x) \sec (2 x) - 2 \sec^{3} (2 x)}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.2

Factor $2 \sec (2 x)$ out of $2 \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) + 2 \tan^{2} (2 x) \sec (2 x) - 2 \sec^{3} (2 x)$ .

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Step 12.4.2.1

Factor $2 \sec (2 x)$ out of $2 \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x)$ .

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) (\tan (2 x)) + 2 \tan^{2} (2 x) \sec (2 x) - 2 \sec^{3} (2 x)}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.2.2

Factor $2 \sec (2 x)$ out of $2 \tan^{2} (2 x) \sec (2 x)$ .

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) (\tan (2 x)) + 2 \sec (2 x) (\tan^{2} (2 x)) - 2 \sec^{3} (2 x)}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.2.3

Factor $2 \sec (2 x)$ out of $- 2 \sec^{3} (2 x)$ .

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) (\tan (2 x)) + 2 \sec (2 x) (\tan^{2} (2 x)) + 2 \sec (2 x) (- \sec^{2} (2 x))}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.2.4

Factor $2 \sec (2 x)$ out of $2 \sec (2 x) (\tan (2 x)) + 2 \sec (2 x) (\tan^{2} (2 x))$ .

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) (\tan (2 x) + \tan^{2} (2 x)) + 2 \sec (2 x) (- \sec^{2} (2 x))}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.2.5

Factor $2 \sec (2 x)$ out of $2 \sec (2 x) (\tan (2 x) + \tan^{2} (2 x)) + 2 \sec (2 x) (- \sec^{2} (2 x))$ .

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) (\tan (2 x) + \tan^{2} (2 x) - \sec^{2} (2 x))}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.3

Reorder $\tan^{2} (2 x)$ and $- \sec^{2} (2 x)$ .

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) (\tan (2 x) - \sec^{2} (2 x) + \tan^{2} (2 x))}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.4

Factor $- 1$ out of $- \sec^{2} (2 x)$ .

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) (\tan (2 x) - (\sec^{2} (2 x)) + \tan^{2} (2 x))}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.5

Factor $- 1$ out of $\tan^{2} (2 x)$ .

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) (\tan (2 x) - (\sec^{2} (2 x)) - 1 (- \tan^{2} (2 x)))}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.6

Factor $- 1$ out of $- (\sec^{2} (2 x)) - 1 (- \tan^{2} (2 x))$ .

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) (\tan (2 x) - (\sec^{2} (2 x) - \tan^{2} (2 x)))}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.7

Apply pythagorean identity.

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) (\tan (2 x) - 1 \cdot 1)}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.8

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) (\tan (2 x) - 1)}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.9

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) + 2 \sec (2 x) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.10

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) - 2 \sec (2 x)}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.5

Factor $2 \sec (2 x)$ out of $2 \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x) - 2 \sec (2 x)$ .

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Step 12.5.1

Factor $2 \sec (2 x)$ out of $2 \sec (2 x) \tan (2 x)$ .

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) (\tan (2 x)) - 2 \sec (2 x)}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.5.2

Factor $2 \sec (2 x)$ out of $- 2 \sec (2 x)$ .

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) (\tan (2 x)) + 2 \sec (2 x) (- 1)}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$

Step 12.5.3

Factor $2 \sec (2 x)$ out of $2 \sec (2 x) (\tan (2 x)) + 2 \sec (2 x) (- 1)$ .

$\frac{2 \sec (2 x) (\tan (2 x) - 1)}{{(1 + \tan (2 x))}^{2}}$