Calculus Examples

$y = \sqrt{\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2}}$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2}}$ as ${(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [{(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = \frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2}$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2}$ .

$\frac{d}{d u} [u^{\frac{1}{2}}] \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2}]$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} u^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2}]$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2}]$

Step 3

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2}]$

Step 4

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2}]$

Step 5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2}]$

Step 6

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 6.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2}]$

Step 6.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2}]$

Step 7

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2}]$

Step 8

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = x - 3$ and $g (x) = x^{6} + 2$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{(x^{6} + 2) \frac{d}{d x} [x - 3] - (x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{6} + 2]}{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}}$

Step 9

Differentiate.

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Step 9.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x - 3$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{(x^{6} + 2) (\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]) - (x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{6} + 2]}{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}}$

Step 9.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{(x^{6} + 2) (1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]) - (x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{6} + 2]}{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}}$

Step 9.3

Since $- 3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 3$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{(x^{6} + 2) (1 + 0) - (x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{6} + 2]}{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}}$

Step 9.4

Simplify the expression.

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Step 9.4.1

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{(x^{6} + 2) \cdot 1 - (x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{6} + 2]}{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}}$

Step 9.4.2

Multiply $x^{6} + 2$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{x^{6} + 2 - (x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{6} + 2]}{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}}$

Step 9.5

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x^{6} + 2$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{6}] + \frac{d}{d x} [2]$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{x^{6} + 2 - (x - 3) (\frac{d}{d x} [x^{6}] + \frac{d}{d x} [2])}{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}}$

Step 9.6

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 6$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{x^{6} + 2 - (x - 3) (6 x^{5} + \frac{d}{d x} [2])}{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}}$

Step 9.7

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{x^{6} + 2 - (x - 3) (6 x^{5} + 0)}{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}}$

Step 9.8

Combine fractions.

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Step 9.8.1

Add $6 x^{5}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{x^{6} + 2 - (x - 3) (6 x^{5})}{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}}$

Step 9.8.2

Multiply $6$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{x^{6} + 2 - 6 (x - 3) x^{5}}{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}}$

Step 9.8.3

Multiply $\frac{x^{6} + 2 - 6 (x - 3) x^{5}}{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}}$ by $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{6} + 2 - 6 (x - 3) x^{5}}{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{2} \cdot 2} {(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$

Step 9.8.4

Move $2$ to the left of ${(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{6} + 2 - 6 (x - 3) x^{5}}{2 \cdot {(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}} {(\frac{x - 3}{x^{6} + 2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$

Step 10

Simplify.

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Step 10.1

Change the sign of the exponent by rewriting the base as its reciprocal.

$\frac{x^{6} + 2 - 6 (x - 3) x^{5}}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}} {(\frac{x^{6} + 2}{x - 3})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$

Step 10.2

Apply the product rule to $\frac{x^{6} + 2}{x - 3}$ .

$\frac{x^{6} + 2 - 6 (x - 3) x^{5}}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{x^{6} + 2 + (- 6 x - 6 \cdot - 3) x^{5}}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.4

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{x^{6} + 2 - 6 x \cdot x^{5} - 6 \cdot - 3 x^{5}}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.5

Combine terms.

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Step 10.5.1

Multiply $x$ by $x^{5}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 10.5.1.1

Move $x^{5}$ .

$\frac{x^{6} + 2 - 6 (x^{5} x) - 6 \cdot - 3 x^{5}}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.5.1.2

Multiply $x^{5}$ by $x$ .

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Step 10.5.1.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{x^{6} + 2 - 6 (x^{5} x^{1}) - 6 \cdot - 3 x^{5}}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.5.1.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{x^{6} + 2 - 6 x^{5 + 1} - 6 \cdot - 3 x^{5}}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.5.1.3

Add $5$ and $1$ .

$\frac{x^{6} + 2 - 6 x^{6} - 6 \cdot - 3 x^{5}}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.5.2

Multiply $- 6$ by $- 3$ .

$\frac{x^{6} + 2 - 6 x^{6} + 18 x^{5}}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.5.3

Subtract $6 x^{6}$ from $x^{6}$ .

$\frac{- 5 x^{6} + 2 + 18 x^{5}}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.5.4

Multiply $\frac{- 5 x^{6} + 2 + 18 x^{5}}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}}$ by $\frac{{(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{(- 5 x^{6} + 2 + 18 x^{5}) {(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.5.5

Move ${(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{n} = \frac{1}{b^{- n}}$ .

$\frac{- 5 x^{6} + 2 + 18 x^{5}}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{2} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{6} + 2)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.5.6

Multiply ${(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}$ by ${(x^{6} + 2)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 10.5.6.1

Move ${(x^{6} + 2)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{- 5 x^{6} + 2 + 18 x^{5}}{2 ({(x^{6} + 2)}^{- \frac{1}{2}} {(x^{6} + 2)}^{2}) {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.5.6.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- 5 x^{6} + 2 + 18 x^{5}}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{- \frac{1}{2} + 2} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.5.6.3

To write $2$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{- 5 x^{6} + 2 + 18 x^{5}}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{- \frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.5.6.4

Combine $2$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{- 5 x^{6} + 2 + 18 x^{5}}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{2 \cdot 2}{2}} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.5.6.5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{- 5 x^{6} + 2 + 18 x^{5}}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{- 1 + 2 \cdot 2}{2}} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.5.6.6

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 10.5.6.6.1

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{- 5 x^{6} + 2 + 18 x^{5}}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{- 1 + 4}{2}} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.5.6.6.2

Add $- 1$ and $4$ .

$\frac{- 5 x^{6} + 2 + 18 x^{5}}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.6

Reorder terms.

$\frac{- 5 x^{6} + 18 x^{5} + 2}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.7

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 5 x^{6}$ .

$\frac{- (5 x^{6}) + 18 x^{5} + 2}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.8

Factor $- 1$ out of $18 x^{5}$ .

$\frac{- (5 x^{6}) - (- 18 x^{5}) + 2}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.9

Factor $- 1$ out of $- (5 x^{6}) - (- 18 x^{5})$ .

$\frac{- (5 x^{6} - 18 x^{5}) + 2}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.10

Rewrite $2$ as $- 1 (- 2)$ .

$\frac{- (5 x^{6} - 18 x^{5}) - 1 (- 2)}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.11

Factor $- 1$ out of $- (5 x^{6} - 18 x^{5}) - 1 (- 2)$ .

$\frac{- (5 x^{6} - 18 x^{5} - 2)}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.12

Rewrite $- (5 x^{6} - 18 x^{5} - 2)$ as $- 1 (5 x^{6} - 18 x^{5} - 2)$ .

$\frac{- 1 (5 x^{6} - 18 x^{5} - 2)}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 10.13

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{5 x^{6} - 18 x^{5} - 2}{2 {(x^{6} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$