Calculus Examples

$y = x^{2} + x^{4} e^{- 2 \ln (x)}$

Step 1

Differentiate.

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Step 1.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x^{2} + x^{4} e^{- 2 \ln (x)}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} e^{- 2 \ln (x)}]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} e^{- 2 \ln (x)}]$

Step 1.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$2 x + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} e^{- 2 \ln (x)}]$

Step 2

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} e^{- 2 \ln (x)}]$ .

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Step 2.1

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x^{4}$ and $g (x) = e^{- 2 \ln (x)}$ .

$2 x + x^{4} \frac{d}{d x} [e^{- 2 \ln (x)}] + e^{- 2 \ln (x)} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}]$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = e^{x}$ and $g (x) = - 2 \ln (x)$ .

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Step 2.2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $- 2 \ln (x)$ .

$2 x + x^{4} (\frac{d}{d u} [e^{u}] \frac{d}{d x} [- 2 \ln (x)]) + e^{- 2 \ln (x)} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}]$

Step 2.2.2

Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [a^{u}]$ is $a^{u} \ln (a)$ where $a$ = $e$ .

$2 x + x^{4} (e^{u} \frac{d}{d x} [- 2 \ln (x)]) + e^{- 2 \ln (x)} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}]$

Step 2.2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $- 2 \ln (x)$ .

$2 x + x^{4} (e^{- 2 \ln (x)} \frac{d}{d x} [- 2 \ln (x)]) + e^{- 2 \ln (x)} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}]$

Step 2.3

Since $- 2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 2 \ln (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $- 2 \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)]$ .

$2 x + x^{4} (e^{- 2 \ln (x)} (- 2 \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])) + e^{- 2 \ln (x)} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}]$

Step 2.4

The derivative of $\ln (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{x}$ .

$2 x + x^{4} (e^{- 2 \ln (x)} (- 2 \frac{1}{x})) + e^{- 2 \ln (x)} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}]$

Step 2.5

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 4$ .

$2 x + x^{4} (e^{- 2 \ln (x)} (- 2 \frac{1}{x})) + e^{- 2 \ln (x)} (4 x^{3})$

Step 2.6

Combine $- 2$ and $\frac{1}{x}$ .

$2 x + x^{4} (e^{- 2 \ln (x)} \frac{- 2}{x}) + e^{- 2 \ln (x)} (4 x^{3})$

Step 2.7

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$2 x + x^{4} (e^{- 2 \ln (x)} (- \frac{2}{x})) + e^{- 2 \ln (x)} (4 x^{3})$

Step 2.8

Combine $e^{- 2 \ln (x)}$ and $\frac{2}{x}$ .

$2 x + x^{4} (- \frac{e^{- 2 \ln (x)} \cdot 2}{x}) + e^{- 2 \ln (x)} (4 x^{3})$

Step 2.9

Move $2$ to the left of $e^{- 2 \ln (x)}$ .

$2 x + x^{4} (- \frac{2 \cdot e^{- 2 \ln (x)}}{x}) + e^{- 2 \ln (x)} (4 x^{3})$

Step 2.10

Combine $x^{4}$ and $\frac{2 e^{- 2 \ln (x)}}{x}$ .

$2 x - \frac{x^{4} (2 e^{- 2 \ln (x)})}{x} + e^{- 2 \ln (x)} (4 x^{3})$

Step 2.11

Cancel the common factor of $x^{4}$ and $x$ .

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Step 2.11.1

Factor $x$ out of $x^{4} (2 e^{- 2 \ln (x)})$ .

$2 x - \frac{x (x^{3} (2 e^{- 2 \ln (x)}))}{x} + e^{- 2 \ln (x)} (4 x^{3})$

Step 2.11.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 2.11.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 x - \frac{x (x^{3} (2 e^{- 2 \ln (x)}))}{x^{1}} + e^{- 2 \ln (x)} (4 x^{3})$

Step 2.11.2.2

Factor $x$ out of $x^{1}$ .

$2 x - \frac{x (x^{3} (2 e^{- 2 \ln (x)}))}{x \cdot 1} + e^{- 2 \ln (x)} (4 x^{3})$

Step 2.11.2.3

Cancel the common factor.

$2 x - \frac{x (x^{3} (2 e^{- 2 \ln (x)}))}{x \cdot 1} + e^{- 2 \ln (x)} (4 x^{3})$

Step 2.11.2.4

Rewrite the expression.

$2 x - \frac{x^{3} (2 e^{- 2 \ln (x)})}{1} + e^{- 2 \ln (x)} (4 x^{3})$

Step 2.11.2.5

Divide $x^{3} (2 e^{- 2 \ln (x)})$ by $1$ .

$2 x - (x^{3} (2 e^{- 2 \ln (x)})) + e^{- 2 \ln (x)} (4 x^{3})$

Step 2.12

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$2 x - 2 (x^{3} (e^{- 2 \ln (x)})) + e^{- 2 \ln (x)} (4 x^{3})$

Step 2.13

Add $- 2 x^{3} e^{- 2 \ln (x)}$ and $e^{- 2 \ln (x)} (4 x^{3})$ .

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Step 2.13.1

Move $e^{- 2 \ln (x)}$ .

$2 x - 2 x^{3} e^{- 2 \ln (x)} + 4 x^{3} e^{- 2 \ln (x)}$

Step 2.13.2

Add $- 2 x^{3} e^{- 2 \ln (x)}$ and $4 x^{3} e^{- 2 \ln (x)}$ .

$2 x + 2 x^{3} e^{- 2 \ln (x)}$

Step 3

Simplify.

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Step 3.1

Reorder terms.

$2 e^{- 2 \ln (x)} x^{3} + 2 x$

Step 3.2

Reorder factors in $2 e^{- 2 \ln (x)} x^{3} + 2 x$ .

$2 x^{3} e^{- 2 \ln (x)} + 2 x$