Calculus Examples

$y = x e^{3 x - 1}$

Step 1

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = e^{3 x - 1}$ .

$x \frac{d}{d x} [e^{3 x - 1}] + e^{3 x - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = e^{x}$ and $g (x) = 3 x - 1$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $3 x - 1$ .

$x (\frac{d}{d u} [e^{u}] \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1]) + e^{3 x - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [a^{u}]$ is $a^{u} \ln (a)$ where $a$ = $e$ .

$x (e^{u} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1]) + e^{3 x - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $3 x - 1$ .

$x (e^{3 x - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 1]) + e^{3 x - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 3

Differentiate.

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Step 3.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $3 x - 1$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [3 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1]$ .

$x (e^{3 x - 1} (\frac{d}{d x} [3 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1])) + e^{3 x - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 3.2

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $3 x$ with respect to $x$ is $3 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$x (e^{3 x - 1} (3 \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1])) + e^{3 x - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 3.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$x (e^{3 x - 1} (3 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1])) + e^{3 x - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 3.4

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$x (e^{3 x - 1} (3 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1])) + e^{3 x - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 3.5

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$x (e^{3 x - 1} (3 + 0)) + e^{3 x - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 3.6

Simplify the expression.

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Step 3.6.1

Add $3$ and $0$ .

$x (e^{3 x - 1} \cdot 3) + e^{3 x - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 3.6.2

Move $3$ to the left of $e^{3 x - 1}$ .

$x (3 \cdot e^{3 x - 1}) + e^{3 x - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 3.7

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$x (3 e^{3 x - 1}) + e^{3 x - 1} \cdot 1$

Step 3.8

Multiply $e^{3 x - 1}$ by $1$ .

$x (3 e^{3 x - 1}) + e^{3 x - 1}$

Step 4

Simplify.

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Step 4.1

Reorder terms.

$3 e^{3 x - 1} x + e^{3 x - 1}$

Step 4.2

Reorder factors in $3 e^{3 x - 1} x + e^{3 x - 1}$ .

$3 x e^{3 x - 1} + e^{3 x - 1}$