Calculus Examples

$y = \frac{3 + 4 x - 6 \sqrt{x}}{x}$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{x}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = 3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = x$ .

$\frac{x \frac{d}{d x} [3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}] - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 3

Differentiate.

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Step 3.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [3] + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}]$ .

$\frac{x (\frac{d}{d x} [3] + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}]) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 3.2

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $3$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{x (0 + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}]) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 3.3

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d x} [4 x]$ .

$\frac{x (\frac{d}{d x} [4 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}]) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 3.4

Since $4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $4 x$ with respect to $x$ is $4 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{x (4 \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}]) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 3.5

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{x (4 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}]) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 3.6

Multiply $4$ by $1$ .

$\frac{x (4 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}]) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 3.7

Since $- 6$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $- 6 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]$ .

$\frac{x (4 - 6 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 3.8

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{x (4 - 6 (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1})) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 4

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{x (4 - 6 (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}})) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 5

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{x (4 - 6 (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}})) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 6

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{x (4 - 6 (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}})) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 7

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 7.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{x (4 - 6 (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}})) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 7.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{x (4 - 6 (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{- 1}{2}})) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 8

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{x (4 - 6 (\frac{1}{2} x^{- \frac{1}{2}})) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 9

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{x (4 - 6 \frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 10

Combine $- 6$ and $\frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ .

$\frac{x (4 + \frac{- 6 x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 11

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{x (4 + \frac{- 6}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 12

Factor $2$ out of $- 6$ .

$\frac{x (4 + \frac{2 \cdot - 3}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 13

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 13.1

Factor $2$ out of $2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{x (4 + \frac{2 \cdot - 3}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}})}) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 13.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x (4 + \frac{2 \cdot - 3}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 13.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x (4 + \frac{- 3}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 14

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{x (4 - \frac{3}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 15

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{x (4 - \frac{3}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1}{x^{2}}$

Step 16

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{x (4 - \frac{3}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{2}}$

Step 17

Simplify.

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Step 17.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{x \cdot 4 + x (- \frac{3}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}) - (3 + 4 x - 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{x \cdot 4 + x (- \frac{3}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}) - 1 \cdot 3 - (4 x) - (- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 17.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 17.3.1.1

Move $4$ to the left of $x$ .

$\frac{4 \cdot x + x (- \frac{3}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}) - 1 \cdot 3 - (4 x) - (- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.3.1.2

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{4 x - x \frac{3}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 1 \cdot 3 - (4 x) - (- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.3.1.3

Combine $\frac{3}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $x$ .

$\frac{4 x - \frac{3 x}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 1 \cdot 3 - (4 x) - (- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.3.1.4

Move $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ to the numerator using the negative exponent rule $\frac{1}{b^{n}} = b^{- n}$ .

$\frac{4 x - (3 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}}) - 1 \cdot 3 - (4 x) - (- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.3.1.5

Multiply $x$ by $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 17.3.1.5.1

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{4 x - (3 (x^{- \frac{1}{2}} x)) - 1 \cdot 3 - (4 x) - (- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.3.1.5.2

Multiply $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by $x$ .

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Step 17.3.1.5.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{4 x - (3 (x^{- \frac{1}{2}} x^{1})) - 1 \cdot 3 - (4 x) - (- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.3.1.5.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{4 x - (3 x^{- \frac{1}{2} + 1}) - 1 \cdot 3 - (4 x) - (- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.3.1.5.3

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{4 x - (3 x^{- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{2}{2}}) - 1 \cdot 3 - (4 x) - (- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.3.1.5.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{4 x - (3 x^{\frac{- 1 + 2}{2}}) - 1 \cdot 3 - (4 x) - (- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.3.1.5.5

Add $- 1$ and $2$ .

$\frac{4 x - (3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) - 1 \cdot 3 - (4 x) - (- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.3.1.6

Multiply $3$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{4 x - 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1 \cdot 3 - (4 x) - (- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.3.1.7

Multiply $- 1$ by $3$ .

$\frac{4 x - 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 3 - (4 x) - (- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.3.1.8

Multiply $4$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{4 x - 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 3 - 4 x - (- 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.3.1.9

Multiply $- 6$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{4 x - 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 3 - 4 x + 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.3.2

Combine the opposite terms in $4 x - 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 3 - 4 x + 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 17.3.2.1

Subtract $4 x$ from $4 x$ .

$\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 3 + 0 + 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.3.2.2

Add $- 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 3$ and $0$ .

$\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 3 + 6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.3.3

Add $- 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $6 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 3}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.4

Factor $3$ out of $3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 3$ .

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Step 17.4.1

Factor $3$ out of $3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{3 (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) - 3}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.4.2

Factor $3$ out of $- 3$ .

$\frac{3 (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) + 3 (- 1)}{x^{2}}$

Step 17.4.3

Factor $3$ out of $3 (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) + 3 (- 1)$ .

$\frac{3 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)}{x^{2}}$