Calculus Examples

$y = {(2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4})}^{3}$

Step 1

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{3}$ and $g (x) = 2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4}$ .

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Step 1.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4}$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{3}] \frac{d}{d x} [2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4}]$

Step 1.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{1}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$3 {u_{1}}^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4}]$

Step 1.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4}$ .

$3 {(2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4})}^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4}]$

Step 2

Differentiate.

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Step 2.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [2] + \frac{d}{d x} [{(x^{2} + 1)}^{4}]$ .

$3 {(2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4})}^{2} (\frac{d}{d x} [2] + \frac{d}{d x} [{(x^{2} + 1)}^{4}])$

Step 2.2

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$3 {(2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4})}^{2} (0 + \frac{d}{d x} [{(x^{2} + 1)}^{4}])$

Step 2.3

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d x} [{(x^{2} + 1)}^{4}]$ .

$3 {(2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4})}^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [{(x^{2} + 1)}^{4}]$

Step 3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{4}$ and $g (x) = x^{2} + 1$ .

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Step 3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $x^{2} + 1$ .

$3 {(2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4})}^{2} (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{4}] \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + 1])$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{2}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = 4$ .

$3 {(2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4})}^{2} (4 {u_{2}}^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + 1])$

Step 3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $x^{2} + 1$ .

$3 {(2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4})}^{2} (4 {(x^{2} + 1)}^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + 1])$

Step 4

Differentiate.

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Step 4.1

Multiply $4$ by $3$ .

$12 {(2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4})}^{2} ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + 1])$

Step 4.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x^{2} + 1$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [1]$ .

$12 {(2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4})}^{2} ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{3} (\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [1]))$

Step 4.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$12 {(2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4})}^{2} ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{3} (2 x + \frac{d}{d x} [1]))$

Step 4.4

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$12 {(2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4})}^{2} ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{3} (2 x + 0))$

Step 4.5

Simplify the expression.

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Step 4.5.1

Add $2 x$ and $0$ .

$12 {(2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4})}^{2} ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{3} (2 x))$

Step 4.5.2

Move $2$ to the left of ${(x^{2} + 1)}^{3}$ .

$12 {(2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4})}^{2} (2 \cdot {(x^{2} + 1)}^{3} x)$

Step 4.5.3

Multiply $2$ by $12$ .

$24 {(2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4})}^{2} ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{3} x)$

Step 4.5.4

Reorder the factors of $24 {(2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4})}^{2} ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{3} x)$ .

$24 x {(x^{2} + 1)}^{3} {(2 + {(x^{2} + 1)}^{4})}^{2}$