Calculus Examples

$y = {(\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}})}^{3}$

Step 1

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{3}$ and $g (x) = \frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d u} [u^{3}] \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}}]$

Step 1.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$3 u^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}}]$

Step 1.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}}$ .

$3 {(\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}})}^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = x - 4$ and $g (x) = 3 - x^{2}$ .

$3 {(\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}})}^{2} \frac{(3 - x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [x - 4] - (x - 4) \frac{d}{d x} [3 - x^{2}]}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3

Differentiate.

Tap for more steps...

Step 3.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x - 4$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 4]$ .

$3 {(\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}})}^{2} \frac{(3 - x^{2}) (\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 4]) - (x - 4) \frac{d}{d x} [3 - x^{2}]}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$3 {(\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}})}^{2} \frac{(3 - x^{2}) (1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 4]) - (x - 4) \frac{d}{d x} [3 - x^{2}]}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.3

Since $- 4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 4$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$3 {(\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}})}^{2} \frac{(3 - x^{2}) (1 + 0) - (x - 4) \frac{d}{d x} [3 - x^{2}]}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.4

Simplify the expression.

Tap for more steps...

Step 3.4.1

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$3 {(\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}})}^{2} \frac{(3 - x^{2}) \cdot 1 - (x - 4) \frac{d}{d x} [3 - x^{2}]}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.4.2

Multiply $3 - x^{2}$ by $1$ .

$3 {(\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}})}^{2} \frac{3 - x^{2} - (x - 4) \frac{d}{d x} [3 - x^{2}]}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.5

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $3 - x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [3] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}]$ .

$3 {(\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}})}^{2} \frac{3 - x^{2} - (x - 4) (\frac{d}{d x} [3] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}])}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.6

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $3$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$3 {(\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}})}^{2} \frac{3 - x^{2} - (x - 4) (0 + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}])}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.7

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}]$ .

$3 {(\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}})}^{2} \frac{3 - x^{2} - (x - 4) \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}]}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.8

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$ .

$3 {(\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}})}^{2} \frac{3 - x^{2} - (x - 4) (- \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}])}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.9

Multiply.

Tap for more steps...

Step 3.9.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$3 {(\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}})}^{2} \frac{3 - x^{2} + 1 (x - 4) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.9.2

Multiply $x - 4$ by $1$ .

$3 {(\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}})}^{2} \frac{3 - x^{2} + (x - 4) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.10

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$3 {(\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}})}^{2} \frac{3 - x^{2} + (x - 4) (2 x)}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.11

Combine fractions.

Tap for more steps...

Step 3.11.1

Move $2$ to the left of $x - 4$ .

$3 {(\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}})}^{2} \frac{3 - x^{2} + 2 \cdot (x - 4) x}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3.11.2

Combine $\frac{3 - x^{2} + 2 (x - 4) x}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$ and $3$ .

$\frac{(3 - x^{2} + 2 (x - 4) x) \cdot 3}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}} {(\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}})}^{2}$

Step 3.11.3

Move $3$ to the left of $3 - x^{2} + 2 (x - 4) x$ .

$\frac{3 \cdot (3 - x^{2} + 2 (x - 4) x)}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}} {(\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}})}^{2}$

Step 4

Simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.1

Apply the product rule to $\frac{x - 4}{3 - x^{2}}$ .

$\frac{3 (3 - x^{2} + 2 (x - 4) x)}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x - 4)}^{2}}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{3 (3 - x^{2} + (2 x + 2 \cdot - 4) x)}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x - 4)}^{2}}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 4.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{3 (3 - x^{2} + 2 x \cdot x + 2 \cdot - 4 x)}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x - 4)}^{2}}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 4.4

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{3 \cdot 3 + 3 (- x^{2}) + 3 (2 x \cdot x) + 3 (2 \cdot - 4 x)}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x - 4)}^{2}}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 4.5

Combine terms.

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.5.1

Multiply $3$ by $3$ .

$\frac{9 + 3 (- x^{2}) + 3 (2 x \cdot x) + 3 (2 \cdot - 4 x)}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x - 4)}^{2}}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 4.5.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $3$ .

$\frac{9 - 3 x^{2} + 3 (2 x \cdot x) + 3 (2 \cdot - 4 x)}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x - 4)}^{2}}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 4.5.3

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{9 - 3 x^{2} + 3 (2 (x^{1} x)) + 3 (2 \cdot - 4 x)}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x - 4)}^{2}}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 4.5.4

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{9 - 3 x^{2} + 3 (2 (x^{1} x^{1})) + 3 (2 \cdot - 4 x)}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x - 4)}^{2}}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 4.5.5

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{9 - 3 x^{2} + 3 (2 x^{1 + 1}) + 3 (2 \cdot - 4 x)}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x - 4)}^{2}}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 4.5.6

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{9 - 3 x^{2} + 3 (2 x^{2}) + 3 (2 \cdot - 4 x)}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x - 4)}^{2}}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 4.5.7

Multiply $2$ by $3$ .

$\frac{9 - 3 x^{2} + 6 x^{2} + 3 (2 \cdot - 4 x)}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x - 4)}^{2}}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 4.5.8

Multiply $2$ by $- 4$ .

$\frac{9 - 3 x^{2} + 6 x^{2} + 3 (- 8 x)}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x - 4)}^{2}}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 4.5.9

Multiply $- 8$ by $3$ .

$\frac{9 - 3 x^{2} + 6 x^{2} - 24 x}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x - 4)}^{2}}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 4.5.10

Add $- 3 x^{2}$ and $6 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{9 + 3 x^{2} - 24 x}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(x - 4)}^{2}}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 4.5.11

Multiply $\frac{9 + 3 x^{2} - 24 x}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$ by $\frac{{(x - 4)}^{2}}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$ .

$\frac{(9 + 3 x^{2} - 24 x) {(x - 4)}^{2}}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2} {(3 - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 4.5.12

Multiply ${(3 - x^{2})}^{2}$ by ${(3 - x^{2})}^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.5.12.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(9 + 3 x^{2} - 24 x) {(x - 4)}^{2}}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{2 + 2}}$

Step 4.5.12.2

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$\frac{(9 + 3 x^{2} - 24 x) {(x - 4)}^{2}}{{(3 - x^{2})}^{4}}$

Step 4.6

Reorder terms.

$\frac{{(x - 4)}^{2} (9 + 3 x^{2} - 24 x)}{{(- x^{2} + 3)}^{4}}$

Step 4.7

Simplify the numerator.

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.7.1

Factor $3$ out of $9 + 3 x^{2} - 24 x$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.7.1.1

Factor $3$ out of $9$ .

$\frac{{(x - 4)}^{2} (3 \cdot 3 + 3 x^{2} - 24 x)}{{(- x^{2} + 3)}^{4}}$

Step 4.7.1.2

Factor $3$ out of $- 24 x$ .

$\frac{{(x - 4)}^{2} (3 \cdot 3 + 3 x^{2} + 3 (- 8 x))}{{(- x^{2} + 3)}^{4}}$

Step 4.7.1.3

Factor $3$ out of $3 \cdot 3 + 3 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{{(x - 4)}^{2} (3 \cdot (3 + x^{2}) + 3 (- 8 x))}{{(- x^{2} + 3)}^{4}}$

Step 4.7.1.4

Factor $3$ out of $3 \cdot (3 + x^{2}) + 3 (- 8 x)$ .

$\frac{{(x - 4)}^{2} (3 (3 + x^{2} - 8 x))}{{(- x^{2} + 3)}^{4}}$

Step 4.7.2

Reorder terms.

$\frac{{(x - 4)}^{2} \cdot 3 (x^{2} - 8 x + 3)}{{(- x^{2} + 3)}^{4}}$

Step 4.8

Move $3$ to the left of ${(x - 4)}^{2}$ .

$\frac{3 {(x - 4)}^{2} (x^{2} - 8 x + 3)}{{(- x^{2} + 3)}^{4}}$