Calculus Examples

$y = {(x^{2} + 1)}^{\ln (x)}$

Step 1

Use the properties of logarithms to simplify the differentiation.

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Step 1.1

Rewrite ${(x^{2} + 1)}^{\ln (x)}$ as $e^{\ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{\ln (x)})}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [e^{\ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{\ln (x)})}]$

Step 1.2

Expand $\ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{\ln (x)})$ by moving $\ln (x)$ outside the logarithm.

$\frac{d}{d x} [e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = e^{x}$ and $g (x) = \ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [e^{u_{1}}] \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)]$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [a^{u_{1}}]$ is $a^{u_{1}} \ln (a)$ where $a$ = $e$ .

$e^{u_{1}} \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)]$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)]$

Step 3

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = \ln (x)$ and $g (x) = \ln (x^{2} + 1)$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\ln (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x^{2} + 1)] + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 4

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \ln (x)$ and $g (x) = x^{2} + 1$ .

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Step 4.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $x^{2} + 1$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\ln (x) (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [\ln (u_{2})] \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + 1]) + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 4.2

The derivative of $\ln (u_{2})$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $\frac{1}{u_{2}}$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\ln (x) (\frac{1}{u_{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + 1]) + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 4.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $x^{2} + 1$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\ln (x) (\frac{1}{x^{2} + 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + 1]) + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 5

Differentiate.

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Step 5.1

Combine $\frac{1}{x^{2} + 1}$ and $\ln (x)$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{2} + 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + 1] + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 5.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x^{2} + 1$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [1]$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{2} + 1} (\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [1]) + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 5.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{2} + 1} (2 x + \frac{d}{d x} [1]) + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 5.4

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{2} + 1} (2 x + 0) + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 5.5

Combine fractions.

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Step 5.5.1

Add $2 x$ and $0$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{2} + 1} (2 x) + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 5.5.2

Combine $2$ and $\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{2} + 1}$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\frac{2 \ln (x)}{x^{2} + 1} x + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 5.5.3

Combine $\frac{2 \ln (x)}{x^{2} + 1}$ and $x$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\frac{2 \ln (x) x}{x^{2} + 1} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 6

The derivative of $\ln (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{x}$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\frac{2 \ln (x) x}{x^{2} + 1} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{1}{x})$

Step 7

Combine $\ln (x^{2} + 1)$ and $\frac{1}{x}$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\frac{2 \ln (x) x}{x^{2} + 1} + \frac{\ln (x^{2} + 1)}{x})$

Step 8

To write $\frac{2 \ln (x) x}{x^{2} + 1}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{x}{x}$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\frac{2 \ln (x) x}{x^{2} + 1} \cdot \frac{x}{x} + \frac{\ln (x^{2} + 1)}{x})$

Step 9

To write $\frac{\ln (x^{2} + 1)}{x}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{x^{2} + 1}{x^{2} + 1}$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\frac{2 \ln (x) x}{x^{2} + 1} \cdot \frac{x}{x} + \frac{\ln (x^{2} + 1)}{x} \cdot \frac{x^{2} + 1}{x^{2} + 1})$

Step 10

Write each expression with a common denominator of $(x^{2} + 1) x$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

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Step 10.1

Multiply $\frac{2 \ln (x) x}{x^{2} + 1}$ by $\frac{x}{x}$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\frac{2 \ln (x) x \cdot x}{(x^{2} + 1) x} + \frac{\ln (x^{2} + 1)}{x} \cdot \frac{x^{2} + 1}{x^{2} + 1})$

Step 10.2

Multiply $\frac{\ln (x^{2} + 1)}{x}$ by $\frac{x^{2} + 1}{x^{2} + 1}$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\frac{2 \ln (x) x \cdot x}{(x^{2} + 1) x} + \frac{\ln (x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1)}{x (x^{2} + 1)})$

Step 10.3

Reorder the factors of $(x^{2} + 1) x$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\frac{2 \ln (x) x \cdot x}{x (x^{2} + 1)} + \frac{\ln (x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1)}{x (x^{2} + 1)})$

Step 11

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \frac{2 \ln (x) x \cdot x + \ln (x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1)}{x (x^{2} + 1)}$

Step 12

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \frac{2 \ln (x) (x^{1} x) + \ln (x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1)}{x (x^{2} + 1)}$

Step 13

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \frac{2 \ln (x) (x^{1} x^{1}) + \ln (x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1)}{x (x^{2} + 1)}$

Step 14

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \frac{2 \ln (x) x^{1 + 1} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1)}{x (x^{2} + 1)}$

Step 15

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \frac{2 \ln (x) x^{2} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1)}{x (x^{2} + 1)}$

Step 16

Combine $e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)}$ and $\frac{2 \ln (x) x^{2} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1)}{x (x^{2} + 1)}$ .

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 \ln (x) x^{2} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1))}{x (x^{2} + 1)}$

Step 17

Simplify.

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Step 17.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 \ln (x) x^{2} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1))}{x \cdot x^{2} + x \cdot 1}$

Step 17.2

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 17.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 17.2.1.1

Simplify $2 \ln (x)$ by moving $2$ inside the logarithm.

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\ln (x^{2}) x^{2} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1))}{x \cdot x^{2} + x \cdot 1}$

Step 17.2.1.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\ln (x^{2}) x^{2} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) x^{2} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \cdot 1)}{x \cdot x^{2} + x \cdot 1}$

Step 17.2.1.3

Multiply $\ln (x^{2} + 1)$ by $1$ .

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\ln (x^{2}) x^{2} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) x^{2} + \ln (x^{2} + 1))}{x \cdot x^{2} + x \cdot 1}$

Step 17.2.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\ln (x^{2}) x^{2}) + e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\ln (x^{2} + 1) x^{2}) + e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \ln (x^{2} + 1)}{x \cdot x^{2} + x \cdot 1}$

Step 17.2.3

Reorder factors in $e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\ln (x^{2}) x^{2}) + e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (\ln (x^{2} + 1) x^{2}) + e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \ln (x^{2} + 1)$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \ln (x^{2}) + x^{2} e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \ln (x^{2} + 1) + e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \ln (x^{2} + 1)}{x \cdot x^{2} + x \cdot 1}$

Step 17.3

Combine terms.

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Step 17.3.1

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 17.3.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

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Step 17.3.1.1.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \ln (x^{2}) + x^{2} e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \ln (x^{2} + 1) + e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \ln (x^{2} + 1)}{x^{1} x^{2} + x \cdot 1}$

Step 17.3.1.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \ln (x^{2}) + x^{2} e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \ln (x^{2} + 1) + e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \ln (x^{2} + 1)}{x^{1 + 2} + x \cdot 1}$

Step 17.3.1.2

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \ln (x^{2}) + x^{2} e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \ln (x^{2} + 1) + e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \ln (x^{2} + 1)}{x^{3} + x \cdot 1}$

Step 17.3.2

Multiply $x$ by $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \ln (x^{2}) + x^{2} e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \ln (x^{2} + 1) + e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \ln (x^{2} + 1)}{x^{3} + x}$

Step 17.4

Reorder terms.

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} x^{2} \ln (x^{2}) + e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} x^{2} \ln (x^{2} + 1) + e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \ln (x^{2} + 1)}{x^{3} + x}$