Calculus Examples

$y = (x^{2} + \sin (x)) \sec (x)$

Step 1

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x^{2} + \sin (x)$ and $g (x) = \sec (x)$ .

$(x^{2} + \sin (x)) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)] + \sec (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + \sin (x)]$

Step 2

The derivative of $\sec (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec (x) \tan (x)$ .

$(x^{2} + \sin (x)) (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + \sin (x)]$

Step 3

Differentiate.

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Step 3.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x^{2} + \sin (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (x)]$ .

$(x^{2} + \sin (x)) \sec (x) \tan (x) + \sec (x) (\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (x)])$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$(x^{2} + \sin (x)) \sec (x) \tan (x) + \sec (x) (2 x + \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (x)])$

Step 4

The derivative of $\sin (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\cos (x)$ .

$(x^{2} + \sin (x)) \sec (x) \tan (x) + \sec (x) (2 x + \cos (x))$

Step 5

Simplify.

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Step 5.1

Apply the distributive property.

$(x^{2} \sec (x) + \sin (x) \sec (x)) \tan (x) + \sec (x) (2 x + \cos (x))$

Step 5.2

Apply the distributive property.

$x^{2} \sec (x) \tan (x) + \sin (x) \sec (x) \tan (x) + \sec (x) (2 x + \cos (x))$

Step 5.3

Apply the distributive property.

$x^{2} \sec (x) \tan (x) + \sin (x) \sec (x) \tan (x) + \sec (x) (2 x) + \sec (x) \cos (x)$

Step 5.4

Reorder terms.

$x^{2} \sec (x) \tan (x) + \sec (x) \sin (x) \tan (x) + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5

Simplify each term.

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Step 5.5.1

Rewrite $\sec (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$x^{2} \frac{1}{\cos (x)} \tan (x) + \sec (x) \sin (x) \tan (x) + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.2

Combine $x^{2}$ and $\frac{1}{\cos (x)}$ .

$\frac{x^{2}}{\cos (x)} \tan (x) + \sec (x) \sin (x) \tan (x) + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.3

Rewrite $\tan (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$\frac{x^{2}}{\cos (x)} \cdot \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)} + \sec (x) \sin (x) \tan (x) + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.4

Combine.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos (x) \cos (x)} + \sec (x) \sin (x) \tan (x) + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.5

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 5.5.5.1

Raise $\cos (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{1} (x) \cos (x)} + \sec (x) \sin (x) \tan (x) + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.5.2

Raise $\cos (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{1} (x) \cos^{1} (x)} + \sec (x) \sin (x) \tan (x) + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.5.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{{\cos (x)}^{1 + 1}} + \sec (x) \sin (x) \tan (x) + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.5.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \sec (x) \sin (x) \tan (x) + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.6

Rewrite $\sec (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{1}{\cos (x)} \sin (x) \tan (x) + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.7

Combine $\frac{1}{\cos (x)}$ and $\sin (x)$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)} \tan (x) + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.8

Rewrite $\tan (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)} \cdot \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)} + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.9

Multiply $\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)} \cdot \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}$ .

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Step 5.5.9.1

Multiply $\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}$ by $\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{\sin (x) \sin (x)}{\cos (x) \cos (x)} + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.9.2

Raise $\sin (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{\sin^{1} (x) \sin (x)}{\cos (x) \cos (x)} + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.9.3

Raise $\sin (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{\sin^{1} (x) \sin^{1} (x)}{\cos (x) \cos (x)} + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.9.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{{\sin (x)}^{1 + 1}}{\cos (x) \cos (x)} + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.9.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{\sin^{2} (x)}{\cos (x) \cos (x)} + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.9.6

Raise $\cos (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{\sin^{2} (x)}{\cos^{1} (x) \cos (x)} + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.9.7

Raise $\cos (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{\sin^{2} (x)}{\cos^{1} (x) \cos^{1} (x)} + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.9.8

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{\sin^{2} (x)}{{\cos (x)}^{1 + 1}} + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.9.9

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{\sin^{2} (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + 2 x \sec (x) + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.10

Rewrite $\sec (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{\sin^{2} (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + 2 x \frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.11

Multiply $2 x \frac{1}{\cos (x)}$ .

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Step 5.5.11.1

Combine $2$ and $\frac{1}{\cos (x)}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{\sin^{2} (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + x \frac{2}{\cos (x)} + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.11.2

Combine $x$ and $\frac{2}{\cos (x)}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{\sin^{2} (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{x \cdot 2}{\cos (x)} + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.12

Move $2$ to the left of $x$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{\sin^{2} (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{2 \cdot x}{\cos (x)} + \cos (x) \sec (x)$

Step 5.5.13

Rewrite in terms of sines and cosines, then cancel the common factors.

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Step 5.5.13.1

Reorder $\cos (x)$ and $\sec (x)$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{\sin^{2} (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{2 x}{\cos (x)} + \sec (x) \cos (x)$

Step 5.5.13.2

Rewrite $\cos (x) \sec (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{\sin^{2} (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{2 x}{\cos (x)} + \frac{1}{\cos (x)} \cos (x)$

Step 5.5.13.3

Cancel the common factors.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{\sin^{2} (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{2 x}{\cos (x)} + 1$

Step 5.6

Simplify each term.

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Step 5.6.1

Factor $\cos (x)$ out of $\cos^{2} (x)$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (x)}{\cos (x) \cos (x)} + \frac{\sin^{2} (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{2 x}{\cos (x)} + 1$

Step 5.6.2

Separate fractions.

$\frac{x^{2}}{\cos (x)} \cdot \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin^{2} (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{2 x}{\cos (x)} + 1$

Step 5.6.3

Convert from $\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}$ to $\tan (x)$ .

$\frac{x^{2}}{\cos (x)} \tan (x) + \frac{\sin^{2} (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{2 x}{\cos (x)} + 1$

Step 5.6.4

Separate fractions.

$\frac{x^{2}}{1} \cdot \frac{1}{\cos (x)} \tan (x) + \frac{\sin^{2} (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{2 x}{\cos (x)} + 1$

Step 5.6.5

Convert from $\frac{1}{\cos (x)}$ to $\sec (x)$ .

$\frac{x^{2}}{1} \sec (x) \tan (x) + \frac{\sin^{2} (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{2 x}{\cos (x)} + 1$

Step 5.6.6

Divide $x^{2}$ by $1$ .

$x^{2} \sec (x) \tan (x) + \frac{\sin^{2} (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{2 x}{\cos (x)} + 1$

Step 5.6.7

Convert from $\frac{\sin^{2} (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)}$ to $\tan^{2} (x)$ .

$x^{2} \sec (x) \tan (x) + \tan^{2} (x) + \frac{2 x}{\cos (x)} + 1$

Step 5.7

Move $1$ .

$x^{2} \sec (x) \tan (x) + \tan^{2} (x) + 1 + \frac{2 x}{\cos (x)}$

Step 5.8

Apply pythagorean identity.

$x^{2} \sec (x) \tan (x) + \sec^{2} (x) + \frac{2 x}{\cos (x)}$