Calculus Examples

$y = (x^{3} + 1) \ln (x^{3} + 1)$

Step 1

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x^{3} + 1$ and $g (x) = \ln (x^{3} + 1)$ .

$(x^{3} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x^{3} + 1)] + \ln (x^{3} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \ln (x)$ and $g (x) = x^{3} + 1$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $x^{3} + 1$ .

$(x^{3} + 1) (\frac{d}{d u} [\ln (u)] \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]) + \ln (x^{3} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]$

Step 2.2

The derivative of $\ln (u)$ with respect to $u$ is $\frac{1}{u}$ .

$(x^{3} + 1) (\frac{1}{u} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]) + \ln (x^{3} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $x^{3} + 1$ .

$(x^{3} + 1) (\frac{1}{x^{3} + 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]) + \ln (x^{3} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]$

Step 3

Differentiate.

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Step 3.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x^{3} + 1$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [1]$ .

$(x^{3} + 1) \frac{1}{x^{3} + 1} (\frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [1]) + \ln (x^{3} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$(x^{3} + 1) \frac{1}{x^{3} + 1} (3 x^{2} + \frac{d}{d x} [1]) + \ln (x^{3} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]$

Step 3.3

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$(x^{3} + 1) \frac{1}{x^{3} + 1} (3 x^{2} + 0) + \ln (x^{3} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]$

Step 3.4

Combine fractions.

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Step 3.4.1

Add $3 x^{2}$ and $0$ .

$(x^{3} + 1) \frac{1}{x^{3} + 1} (3 x^{2}) + \ln (x^{3} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]$

Step 3.4.2

Combine $3$ and $\frac{1}{x^{3} + 1}$ .

$(x^{3} + 1) \frac{3}{x^{3} + 1} x^{2} + \ln (x^{3} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]$

Step 3.4.3

Combine $x^{2}$ and $\frac{3}{x^{3} + 1}$ .

$(x^{3} + 1) \frac{x^{2} \cdot 3}{x^{3} + 1} + \ln (x^{3} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]$

Step 3.4.4

Move $3$ to the left of $x^{2}$ .

$(x^{3} + 1) \frac{3 \cdot x^{2}}{x^{3} + 1} + \ln (x^{3} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]$

Step 3.5

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x^{3} + 1$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [1]$ .

$(x^{3} + 1) \frac{3 x^{2}}{x^{3} + 1} + \ln (x^{3} + 1) (\frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [1])$

Step 3.6

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$(x^{3} + 1) \frac{3 x^{2}}{x^{3} + 1} + \ln (x^{3} + 1) (3 x^{2} + \frac{d}{d x} [1])$

Step 3.7

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$(x^{3} + 1) \frac{3 x^{2}}{x^{3} + 1} + \ln (x^{3} + 1) (3 x^{2} + 0)$

Step 3.8

Add $3 x^{2}$ and $0$ .

$(x^{3} + 1) \frac{3 x^{2}}{x^{3} + 1} + \ln (x^{3} + 1) (3 x^{2})$

Step 4

Simplify.

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Step 4.1

Reorder terms.

$(x^{3} + 1) \frac{3 x^{2}}{x^{3} + 1} + 3 x^{2} \ln (x^{3} + 1)$

Step 4.2

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.2.1

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 4.2.1.1

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{3}$ .

$(x^{3} + 1) \frac{3 x^{2}}{x^{3} + 1^{3}} + 3 x^{2} \ln (x^{3} + 1)$

Step 4.2.1.2

Since both terms are perfect cubes, factor using the sum of cubes formula, $a^{3} + b^{3} = (a + b) (a^{2} - a b + b^{2})$ where $a = x$ and $b = 1$ .

$(x^{3} + 1) \frac{3 x^{2}}{(x + 1) (x^{2} - x \cdot 1 + 1^{2})} + 3 x^{2} \ln (x^{3} + 1)$

Step 4.2.1.3

Simplify.

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Step 4.2.1.3.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$(x^{3} + 1) \frac{3 x^{2}}{(x + 1) (x^{2} - x + 1^{2})} + 3 x^{2} \ln (x^{3} + 1)$

Step 4.2.1.3.2

One to any power is one.

$(x^{3} + 1) \frac{3 x^{2}}{(x + 1) (x^{2} - x + 1)} + 3 x^{2} \ln (x^{3} + 1)$

Step 4.2.2

Multiply $x^{3} + 1$ by $\frac{3 x^{2}}{(x + 1) (x^{2} - x + 1)}$ .

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) (3 x^{2})}{(x + 1) (x^{2} - x + 1)} + 3 x^{2} \ln (x^{3} + 1)$

Step 4.2.3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.2.3.1

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{3}$ .

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1^{3}) \cdot 3 x^{2}}{(x + 1) (x^{2} - x + 1)} + 3 x^{2} \ln (x^{3} + 1)$

Step 4.2.3.2

Since both terms are perfect cubes, factor using the sum of cubes formula, $a^{3} + b^{3} = (a + b) (a^{2} - a b + b^{2})$ where $a = x$ and $b = 1$ .

$\frac{(x + 1) (x^{2} - x \cdot 1 + 1^{2}) \cdot 3 x^{2}}{(x + 1) (x^{2} - x + 1)} + 3 x^{2} \ln (x^{3} + 1)$

Step 4.2.3.3

Simplify.

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Step 4.2.3.3.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(x + 1) (x^{2} - x + 1^{2}) \cdot 3 x^{2}}{(x + 1) (x^{2} - x + 1)} + 3 x^{2} \ln (x^{3} + 1)$

Step 4.2.3.3.2

One to any power is one.

$\frac{(x + 1) (x^{2} - x + 1) \cdot 3 x^{2}}{(x + 1) (x^{2} - x + 1)} + 3 x^{2} \ln (x^{3} + 1)$

Step 4.2.4

Cancel the common factor of $x + 1$ .

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Step 4.2.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{(x + 1) (x^{2} - x + 1) \cdot 3 x^{2}}{(x + 1) (x^{2} - x + 1)} + 3 x^{2} \ln (x^{3} + 1)$

Step 4.2.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{(x^{2} - x + 1) \cdot 3 x^{2}}{x^{2} - x + 1} + 3 x^{2} \ln (x^{3} + 1)$

Step 4.2.5

Cancel the common factor of $x^{2} - x + 1$ .

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Step 4.2.5.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{(x^{2} - x + 1) \cdot 3 x^{2}}{x^{2} - x + 1} + 3 x^{2} \ln (x^{3} + 1)$

Step 4.2.5.2

Divide $3 x^{2}$ by $1$ .

$3 x^{2} + 3 x^{2} \ln (x^{3} + 1)$