Calculus Examples

$y = {((x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3))}^{4}$

Step 1

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{4}$ and $g (x) = (x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3)$ .

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Step 1.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $(x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3)$ .

$\frac{d}{d u} [u^{4}] \frac{d}{d x} [(x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3)]$

Step 1.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = 4$ .

$4 u^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [(x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3)]$

Step 1.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $(x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3)$ .

$4 {((x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3))}^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [(x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3)]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x - 2 x^{3}$ and $g (x) = 6 x - 3$ .

$4 {((x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3))}^{3} ((x - 2 x^{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [6 x - 3] + (6 x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x - 2 x^{3}])$

Step 3

Differentiate.

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Step 3.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $6 x - 3$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [6 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$ .

$4 {((x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3))}^{3} ((x - 2 x^{3}) (\frac{d}{d x} [6 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]) + (6 x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x - 2 x^{3}])$

Step 3.2

Since $6$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $6 x$ with respect to $x$ is $6 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$4 {((x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3))}^{3} ((x - 2 x^{3}) (6 \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]) + (6 x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x - 2 x^{3}])$

Step 3.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$4 {((x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3))}^{3} ((x - 2 x^{3}) (6 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]) + (6 x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x - 2 x^{3}])$

Step 3.4

Multiply $6$ by $1$ .

$4 {((x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3))}^{3} ((x - 2 x^{3}) (6 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]) + (6 x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x - 2 x^{3}])$

Step 3.5

Since $- 3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 3$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$4 {((x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3))}^{3} ((x - 2 x^{3}) (6 + 0) + (6 x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x - 2 x^{3}])$

Step 3.6

Simplify the expression.

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Step 3.6.1

Add $6$ and $0$ .

$4 {((x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3))}^{3} ((x - 2 x^{3}) \cdot 6 + (6 x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x - 2 x^{3}])$

Step 3.6.2

Move $6$ to the left of $x - 2 x^{3}$ .

$4 {((x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3))}^{3} (6 \cdot (x - 2 x^{3}) + (6 x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x - 2 x^{3}])$

Step 3.7

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x - 2 x^{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2 x^{3}]$ .

$4 {((x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3))}^{3} (6 (x - 2 x^{3}) + (6 x - 3) (\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2 x^{3}]))$

Step 3.8

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$4 {((x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3))}^{3} (6 (x - 2 x^{3}) + (6 x - 3) (1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2 x^{3}]))$

Step 3.9

Since $- 2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 2 x^{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $- 2 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]$ .

$4 {((x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3))}^{3} (6 (x - 2 x^{3}) + (6 x - 3) (1 - 2 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]))$

Step 3.10

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$4 {((x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3))}^{3} (6 (x - 2 x^{3}) + (6 x - 3) (1 - 2 (3 x^{2})))$

Step 3.11

Multiply $3$ by $- 2$ .

$4 {((x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3))}^{3} (6 (x - 2 x^{3}) + (6 x - 3) (1 - 6 x^{2}))$

Step 4

Simplify.

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Step 4.1

Apply the product rule to $(x - 2 x^{3}) (6 x - 3)$ .

$4 ({(x - 2 x^{3})}^{3} {(6 x - 3)}^{3}) (6 (x - 2 x^{3}) + (6 x - 3) (1 - 6 x^{2}))$

Step 4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$4 ({(x - 2 x^{3})}^{3} {(6 x - 3)}^{3}) (6 x + 6 (- 2 x^{3}) + (6 x - 3) (1 - 6 x^{2}))$

Step 4.3

Multiply $- 2$ by $6$ .

$4 {(x - 2 x^{3})}^{3} {(6 x - 3)}^{3} (6 x - 12 x^{3} + (6 x - 3) (1 - 6 x^{2}))$

Step 4.4

Reorder the factors of $4 {(x - 2 x^{3})}^{3} {(6 x - 3)}^{3} (6 x - 12 x^{3} + (6 x - 3) (1 - 6 x^{2}))$ .

$4 {(6 x - 3)}^{3} {(x - 2 x^{3})}^{3} (6 x - 12 x^{3} + (6 x - 3) (1 - 6 x^{2}))$