Calculus Examples

$f (x) = \frac{2 x}{x + \sqrt{x}}$

Step 1

Differentiate using the Constant Multiple Rule.

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Step 1.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{2 x}{x + x^{\frac{1}{2}}}]$

Step 1.2

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{2 x}{x + x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{x + x^{\frac{1}{2}}}]$ .

$2 \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{x + x^{\frac{1}{2}}}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = x + x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$2 \frac{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x] - x \frac{d}{d x} [x + x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 3

Differentiate.

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Step 3.1

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$2 \frac{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 - x \frac{d}{d x} [x + x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 3.2

Multiply $x + x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $1$ .

$2 \frac{x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x \frac{d}{d x} [x + x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 3.3

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x + x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]$ .

$2 \frac{x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}])}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 3.4

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$2 \frac{x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (1 + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}])}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 3.5

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$2 \frac{x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (1 + \frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1})}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 4

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$2 \frac{x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (1 + \frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}})}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 5

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$2 \frac{x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (1 + \frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}})}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 6

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$2 \frac{x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (1 + \frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}})}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 7

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 7.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$2 \frac{x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (1 + \frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}})}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$2 \frac{x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (1 + \frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{- 1}{2}})}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 8

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$2 \frac{x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (1 + \frac{1}{2} x^{- \frac{1}{2}})}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 9

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$2 \frac{x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (1 + \frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2})}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 10

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$2 \frac{x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (1 + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}})}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 11

Combine $2$ and $\frac{x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (1 + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}})}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$ .

$\frac{2 (x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (1 + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}))}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12

Simplify.

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Step 12.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 (x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x \cdot 1 - x \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}})}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 x + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 2 (- x \cdot 1) + 2 (- x \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}})}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12.3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 12.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 12.3.1.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{2 x + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 2 (- x) + 2 (- x \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}})}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12.3.1.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{2 x + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2 x + 2 (- x \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}})}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12.3.1.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $x$ .

$\frac{2 x + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2 x + 2 (- \frac{x}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}})}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12.3.1.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 12.3.1.4.1

Move the leading negative in $- \frac{x}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ into the numerator.

$\frac{2 x + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2 x + 2 \frac{- x}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12.3.1.4.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 x + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2 x + 2 \frac{- x}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12.3.1.4.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{2 x + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2 x + \frac{- x}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12.3.1.5

Move $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ to the numerator using the negative exponent rule $\frac{1}{b^{n}} = b^{- n}$ .

$\frac{2 x + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2 x - x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12.3.1.6

Multiply $x$ by $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 12.3.1.6.1

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{2 x + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2 x - (x^{- \frac{1}{2}} x)}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12.3.1.6.2

Multiply $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by $x$ .

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Step 12.3.1.6.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{2 x + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2 x - (x^{- \frac{1}{2}} x^{1})}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12.3.1.6.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{2 x + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2 x - x^{- \frac{1}{2} + 1}}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12.3.1.6.3

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{2 x + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2 x - x^{- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{2}{2}}}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12.3.1.6.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{2 x + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2 x - x^{\frac{- 1 + 2}{2}}}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12.3.1.6.5

Add $- 1$ and $2$ .

$\frac{2 x + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2 x - x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12.3.2

Combine the opposite terms in $2 x + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2 x - x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 12.3.2.1

Subtract $2 x$ from $2 x$ .

$\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 0 - x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12.3.2.2

Add $2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12.3.3

Subtract $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ from $2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(x + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12.4

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 12.4.1

Factor $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $x + x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 12.4.1.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(x^{1} + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.1.2

Factor $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $x^{1}$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.1.3

Multiply by $1$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1)}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.1.4

Factor $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(x^{\frac{1}{2}} (x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1))}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.2

Apply the product rule to $x^{\frac{1}{2}} (x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} {(x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.3

Multiply the exponents in ${(x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}$ .

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Step 12.4.3.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{x^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2} {(x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.3.2

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 12.4.3.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{x^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2} {(x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.3.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{x^{1} {(x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 12.4.4

Simplify.

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{x {(x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 12.5

Move $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{n} = \frac{1}{b^{- n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{x {(x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)}^{2} x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 12.6

Multiply $x$ by $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 12.6.1

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{- \frac{1}{2}} x {(x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 12.6.2

Multiply $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by $x$ .

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Step 12.6.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{- \frac{1}{2}} x^{1} {(x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 12.6.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{1}{x^{- \frac{1}{2} + 1} {(x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 12.6.3

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{1}{x^{- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{2}{2}} {(x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 12.6.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{x^{\frac{- 1 + 2}{2}} {(x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 12.6.5

Add $- 1$ and $2$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)}^{2}}$