Calculus Examples

$- \cos (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 1

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- \cos (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))]$ .

$- \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = \cos (x)$ and $g (x) = \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$ .

$- (\cos (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))] + \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x)) \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (x)])$

Step 3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \ln (x)$ and $g (x) = \sec (x) + \tan (x)$ .

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Step 3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $\sec (x) + \tan (x)$ .

$- (\cos (x) (\frac{d}{d u} [\ln (u)] \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x) + \tan (x)]) + \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x)) \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (x)])$

Step 3.2

The derivative of $\ln (u)$ with respect to $u$ is $\frac{1}{u}$ .

$- (\cos (x) (\frac{1}{u} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x) + \tan (x)]) + \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x)) \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (x)])$

Step 3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $\sec (x) + \tan (x)$ .

$- (\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x) + \tan (x)]) + \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x)) \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (x)])$

Step 4

Differentiate using the Sum Rule.

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Step 4.1

Combine $\frac{1}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)}$ and $\cos (x)$ .

$- (\frac{\cos (x)}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x) + \tan (x)] + \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x)) \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (x)])$

Step 4.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $\sec (x) + \tan (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (x)]$ .

$- (\frac{\cos (x)}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} (\frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (x)]) + \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x)) \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (x)])$

Step 5

The derivative of $\sec (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec (x) \tan (x)$ .

$- (\frac{\cos (x)}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} (\sec (x) \tan (x) + \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (x)]) + \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x)) \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (x)])$

Step 6

The derivative of $\tan (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec^{2} (x)$ .

$- (\frac{\cos (x)}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} (\sec (x) \tan (x) + \sec^{2} (x)) + \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x)) \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (x)])$

Step 7

The derivative of $\cos (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $- \sin (x)$ .

$- (\frac{\cos (x)}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} (\sec (x) \tan (x) + \sec^{2} (x)) + \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x)) (- \sin (x)))$

Step 8

Simplify.

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Step 8.1

Apply the distributive property.

$- (\frac{\cos (x)}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} (\sec (x) \tan (x) + \sec^{2} (x))) - (\ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x)) (- \sin (x)))$

Step 8.2

Combine terms.

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Step 8.2.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$- \frac{\cos (x)}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} (\sec (x) \tan (x) + \sec^{2} (x)) + 1 (\ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x)) (\sin (x)))$

Step 8.2.2

Multiply $\ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$ by $1$ .

$- \frac{\cos (x)}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} (\sec (x) \tan (x) + \sec^{2} (x)) + \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x)) \sin (x)$

Step 8.3

Reorder terms.

$- (\sec (x) \tan (x) + \sec^{2} (x)) \frac{\cos (x)}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4

Simplify each term.

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Step 8.4.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 8.4.1.1

Rewrite $\sec (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$- (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} \tan (x) + \sec^{2} (x)) \frac{\cos (x)}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.1.2

Rewrite $\tan (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$- (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} \cdot \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)} + \sec^{2} (x)) \frac{\cos (x)}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.1.3

Multiply $\frac{1}{\cos (x)} \cdot \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}$ .

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Step 8.4.1.3.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{\cos (x)}$ by $\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}$ .

$- (\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x) \cos (x)} + \sec^{2} (x)) \frac{\cos (x)}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.1.3.2

Raise $\cos (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$- (\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos^{1} (x) \cos (x)} + \sec^{2} (x)) \frac{\cos (x)}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.1.3.3

Raise $\cos (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$- (\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos^{1} (x) \cos^{1} (x)} + \sec^{2} (x)) \frac{\cos (x)}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.1.3.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$- (\frac{\sin (x)}{{\cos (x)}^{1 + 1}} + \sec^{2} (x)) \frac{\cos (x)}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.1.3.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$- (\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \sec^{2} (x)) \frac{\cos (x)}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.1.4

Rewrite $\sec (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$- (\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + {(\frac{1}{\cos (x)})}^{2}) \frac{\cos (x)}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.1.5

Apply the product rule to $\frac{1}{\cos (x)}$ .

$- (\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{1^{2}}{\cos^{2} (x)}) \frac{\cos (x)}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.1.6

One to any power is one.

$- (\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} + \frac{1}{\cos^{2} (x)}) \frac{\cos (x)}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$(- \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} - \frac{1}{\cos^{2} (x)}) \frac{\cos (x)}{\sec (x) + \tan (x)} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.3

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 8.4.3.1

Rewrite $\sec (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$(- \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} - \frac{1}{\cos^{2} (x)}) \frac{\cos (x)}{\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \tan (x)} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.3.2

Rewrite $\tan (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$(- \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} - \frac{1}{\cos^{2} (x)}) \frac{\cos (x)}{\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.4

Apply the distributive property.

$- \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} \cdot \frac{\cos (x)}{\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}} - \frac{1}{\cos^{2} (x)} \cdot \frac{\cos (x)}{\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.5

Cancel the common factor of $\cos (x)$ .

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Step 8.4.5.1

Move the leading negative in $- \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)}$ into the numerator.

$\frac{- \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)} \cdot \frac{\cos (x)}{\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}} - \frac{1}{\cos^{2} (x)} \cdot \frac{\cos (x)}{\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.5.2

Factor $\cos (x)$ out of $\cos^{2} (x)$ .

$\frac{- \sin (x)}{\cos (x) \cos (x)} \cdot \frac{\cos (x)}{\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}} - \frac{1}{\cos^{2} (x)} \cdot \frac{\cos (x)}{\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.5.3

Cancel the common factor.

Step 8.4.5.4

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- \sin (x)}{\cos (x)} \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}} - \frac{1}{\cos^{2} (x)} \cdot \frac{\cos (x)}{\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.6

Multiply $\frac{- \sin (x)}{\cos (x)}$ by $\frac{1}{\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}}$ .

$\frac{- \sin (x)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} - \frac{1}{\cos^{2} (x)} \cdot \frac{\cos (x)}{\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.7

Cancel the common factor of $\cos (x)$ .

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Step 8.4.7.1

Move the leading negative in $- \frac{1}{\cos^{2} (x)}$ into the numerator.

$\frac{- \sin (x)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} + \frac{- 1}{\cos^{2} (x)} \cdot \frac{\cos (x)}{\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.7.2

Factor $\cos (x)$ out of $\cos^{2} (x)$ .

$\frac{- \sin (x)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} + \frac{- 1}{\cos (x) \cos (x)} \cdot \frac{\cos (x)}{\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.7.3

Cancel the common factor.

Step 8.4.7.4

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- \sin (x)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} + \frac{- 1}{\cos (x)} \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.8

Multiply $\frac{- 1}{\cos (x)}$ by $\frac{1}{\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}}$ .

$\frac{- \sin (x)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} + \frac{- 1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.9

Simplify each term.

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Step 8.4.9.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} + \frac{- 1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.9.2

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} - \frac{1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} + \sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.10

Simplify each term.

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Step 8.4.10.1

Rewrite $\sec (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$- \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} - \frac{1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} + \sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \tan (x))$

Step 8.4.10.2

Rewrite $\tan (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$- \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} - \frac{1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} + \sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})$

Step 8.5

To write $\sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$ .

$- \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} + \sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) \cdot \frac{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} - \frac{1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.6

Combine $\sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})$ and $\frac{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$ .

$- \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} + \frac{\sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) (\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}))}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} - \frac{1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.7

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{- \sin (x) + \sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) (\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}))}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} - \frac{1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.8

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 8.8.1

Factor $\sin (x)$ out of $- \sin (x) + \sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) \cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})$ .

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Step 8.8.1.1

Factor $\sin (x)$ out of $- \sin (x)$ .

$\frac{\sin (x) \cdot - 1 + \sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) \cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} - \frac{1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.8.1.2

Factor $\sin (x)$ out of $\sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) \cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})$ .

$\frac{\sin (x) \cdot - 1 + \sin (x) (\ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) \cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}))}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} - \frac{1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.8.1.3

Factor $\sin (x)$ out of $\sin (x) \cdot - 1 + \sin (x) (\ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) \cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}))$ .

$\frac{\sin (x) (- 1 + \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) \cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}))}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} - \frac{1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.8.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\sin (x) (- 1 + \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) \cos (x) \frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) \cos (x) \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} - \frac{1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.8.3

Cancel the common factor of $\cos (x)$ .

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Step 8.8.3.1

Factor $\cos (x)$ out of $\ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) \cos (x)$ .

$\frac{\sin (x) (- 1 + \cos (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) \frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) \cos (x) \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} - \frac{1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.8.3.2

Cancel the common factor.

Step 8.8.3.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\sin (x) (- 1 + \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) + \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) \cos (x) \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} - \frac{1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.8.4

Cancel the common factor of $\cos (x)$ .

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Step 8.8.4.1

Factor $\cos (x)$ out of $\ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) \cos (x)$ .

$\frac{\sin (x) (- 1 + \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) + \cos (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} - \frac{1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.8.4.2

Cancel the common factor.

Step 8.8.4.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\sin (x) (- 1 + \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) + \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) \sin (x))}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})} - \frac{1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.9

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\sin (x) (- 1 + \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) + \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) \sin (x)) - 1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.10

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 8.10.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\sin (x) \cdot - 1 + \sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) + \sin (x) (\ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) \sin (x)) - 1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.10.2

Simplify.

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Step 8.10.2.1

Move $- 1$ to the left of $\sin (x)$ .

$\frac{- 1 \cdot \sin (x) + \sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) + \sin (x) (\ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) \sin (x)) - 1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.10.2.2

Multiply $\sin (x) (\ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) \sin (x))$ .

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Step 8.10.2.2.1

Raise $\sin (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- 1 \cdot \sin (x) + \sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) + \sin^{1} (x) \sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) - 1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.10.2.2.2

Raise $\sin (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- 1 \cdot \sin (x) + \sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) + \sin^{1} (x) \sin^{1} (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) - 1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.10.2.2.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- 1 \cdot \sin (x) + \sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) + {\sin (x)}^{1 + 1} \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) - 1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.10.2.2.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{- 1 \cdot \sin (x) + \sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) + \sin^{2} (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) - 1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.10.3

Rewrite $- 1 \sin (x)$ as $- \sin (x)$ .

$\frac{- \sin (x) + \sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) + \sin^{2} (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) - 1}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.10.4

Rewrite $- \sin (x) + \sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) + \sin^{2} (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) - 1$ in a factored form.

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Step 8.10.4.1

Reorder terms.

$\frac{\sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) + \sin^{2} (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) - 1 - \sin (x)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.10.4.2

Factor out the greatest common factor from each group.

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Step 8.10.4.2.1

Group the first two terms and the last two terms.

$\frac{(\sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) + \sin^{2} (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})) - 1 - \sin (x)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.10.4.2.2

Factor out the greatest common factor (GCF) from each group.

$\frac{\sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) (1 + \sin (x)) - 1 (1 + \sin (x))}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.10.4.3

Factor the polynomial by factoring out the greatest common factor, $1 + \sin (x)$ .

$\frac{(1 + \sin (x)) (\sin (x) \ln (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) - 1)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.11

Simplify each term.

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Step 8.11.1

Convert from $\frac{1}{\cos (x)}$ to $\sec (x)$ .

$\frac{(1 + \sin (x)) (\sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}) - 1)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.11.2

Convert from $\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}$ to $\tan (x)$ .

$\frac{(1 + \sin (x)) (\sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x)) - 1)}{\cos (x) (\frac{1}{\cos (x)} + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.12

Simplify each term.

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Step 8.12.1

Convert from $\frac{1}{\cos (x)}$ to $\sec (x)$ .

$\frac{(1 + \sin (x)) (\sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x)) - 1)}{\cos (x) (\sec (x) + \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)})}$

Step 8.12.2

Convert from $\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}$ to $\tan (x)$ .

$\frac{(1 + \sin (x)) (\sin (x) \ln (\sec (x) + \tan (x)) - 1)}{\cos (x) (\sec (x) + \tan (x))}$