Calculus Examples

$y = {(\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1})}^{4}$

Step 1

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{4}$ and $g (x) = \frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1}$ .

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Step 1.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1}$ .

$\frac{d}{d u} [u^{4}] \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1}]$

Step 1.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = 4$ .

$4 u^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1}]$

Step 1.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1}$ .

$4 {(\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1})}^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = 2 x - 3$ and $g (x) = 5 x + 1$ .

$4 {(\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1})}^{3} \frac{(5 x + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [2 x - 3] - (2 x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [5 x + 1]}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3

Differentiate.

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Step 3.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $2 x - 3$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [2 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$ .

$4 {(\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1})}^{3} \frac{(5 x + 1) (\frac{d}{d x} [2 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]) - (2 x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [5 x + 1]}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$4 {(\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1})}^{3} \frac{(5 x + 1) (2 \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]) - (2 x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [5 x + 1]}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$4 {(\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1})}^{3} \frac{(5 x + 1) (2 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]) - (2 x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [5 x + 1]}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.4

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$4 {(\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1})}^{3} \frac{(5 x + 1) (2 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]) - (2 x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [5 x + 1]}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.5

Since $- 3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 3$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$4 {(\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1})}^{3} \frac{(5 x + 1) (2 + 0) - (2 x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [5 x + 1]}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.6

Simplify the expression.

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Step 3.6.1

Add $2$ and $0$ .

$4 {(\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1})}^{3} \frac{(5 x + 1) \cdot 2 - (2 x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [5 x + 1]}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.6.2

Move $2$ to the left of $5 x + 1$ .

$4 {(\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1})}^{3} \frac{2 \cdot (5 x + 1) - (2 x - 3) \frac{d}{d x} [5 x + 1]}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.7

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $5 x + 1$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [5 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [1]$ .

$4 {(\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1})}^{3} \frac{2 (5 x + 1) - (2 x - 3) (\frac{d}{d x} [5 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [1])}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.8

Since $5$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $5 x$ with respect to $x$ is $5 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$4 {(\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1})}^{3} \frac{2 (5 x + 1) - (2 x - 3) (5 \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [1])}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.9

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$4 {(\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1})}^{3} \frac{2 (5 x + 1) - (2 x - 3) (5 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [1])}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.10

Multiply $5$ by $1$ .

$4 {(\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1})}^{3} \frac{2 (5 x + 1) - (2 x - 3) (5 + \frac{d}{d x} [1])}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.11

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$4 {(\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1})}^{3} \frac{2 (5 x + 1) - (2 x - 3) (5 + 0)}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.12

Combine fractions.

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Step 3.12.1

Add $5$ and $0$ .

$4 {(\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1})}^{3} \frac{2 (5 x + 1) - (2 x - 3) \cdot 5}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.12.2

Multiply $5$ by $- 1$ .

$4 {(\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1})}^{3} \frac{2 (5 x + 1) - 5 (2 x - 3)}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.12.3

Combine $\frac{2 (5 x + 1) - 5 (2 x - 3)}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}}$ and $4$ .

$\frac{(2 (5 x + 1) - 5 (2 x - 3)) \cdot 4}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}} {(\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1})}^{3}$

Step 3.12.4

Move $4$ to the left of $2 (5 x + 1) - 5 (2 x - 3)$ .

$\frac{4 \cdot (2 (5 x + 1) - 5 (2 x - 3))}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}} {(\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1})}^{3}$

Step 4

Simplify.

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Step 4.1

Apply the product rule to $\frac{2 x - 3}{5 x + 1}$ .

$\frac{4 (2 (5 x + 1) - 5 (2 x - 3))}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(2 x - 3)}^{3}}{{(5 x + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{4 (2 (5 x) + 2 \cdot 1 - 5 (2 x - 3))}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(2 x - 3)}^{3}}{{(5 x + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 4.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{4 (2 (5 x) + 2 \cdot 1 - 5 (2 x) - 5 \cdot - 3)}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(2 x - 3)}^{3}}{{(5 x + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 4.4

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{4 (2 (5 x)) + 4 (2 \cdot 1) + 4 (- 5 (2 x)) + 4 (- 5 \cdot - 3)}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(2 x - 3)}^{3}}{{(5 x + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 4.5

Combine terms.

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Step 4.5.1

Multiply $5$ by $2$ .

$\frac{4 (10 x) + 4 (2 \cdot 1) + 4 (- 5 (2 x)) + 4 (- 5 \cdot - 3)}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(2 x - 3)}^{3}}{{(5 x + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 4.5.2

Multiply $10$ by $4$ .

$\frac{40 x + 4 (2 \cdot 1) + 4 (- 5 (2 x)) + 4 (- 5 \cdot - 3)}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(2 x - 3)}^{3}}{{(5 x + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 4.5.3

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$\frac{40 x + 4 \cdot 2 + 4 (- 5 (2 x)) + 4 (- 5 \cdot - 3)}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(2 x - 3)}^{3}}{{(5 x + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 4.5.4

Multiply $4$ by $2$ .

$\frac{40 x + 8 + 4 (- 5 (2 x)) + 4 (- 5 \cdot - 3)}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(2 x - 3)}^{3}}{{(5 x + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 4.5.5

Multiply $2$ by $- 5$ .

$\frac{40 x + 8 + 4 (- 10 x) + 4 (- 5 \cdot - 3)}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(2 x - 3)}^{3}}{{(5 x + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 4.5.6

Multiply $- 10$ by $4$ .

$\frac{40 x + 8 - 40 x + 4 (- 5 \cdot - 3)}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(2 x - 3)}^{3}}{{(5 x + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 4.5.7

Multiply $- 5$ by $- 3$ .

$\frac{40 x + 8 - 40 x + 4 \cdot 15}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(2 x - 3)}^{3}}{{(5 x + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 4.5.8

Multiply $4$ by $15$ .

$\frac{40 x + 8 - 40 x + 60}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(2 x - 3)}^{3}}{{(5 x + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 4.5.9

Subtract $40 x$ from $40 x$ .

$\frac{0 + 8 + 60}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(2 x - 3)}^{3}}{{(5 x + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 4.5.10

Add $0$ and $8$ .

$\frac{8 + 60}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(2 x - 3)}^{3}}{{(5 x + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 4.5.11

Add $8$ and $60$ .

$\frac{68}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(2 x - 3)}^{3}}{{(5 x + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 4.5.12

Multiply $\frac{68}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2}}$ by $\frac{{(2 x - 3)}^{3}}{{(5 x + 1)}^{3}}$ .

$\frac{68 {(2 x - 3)}^{3}}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2} {(5 x + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 4.5.13

Multiply ${(5 x + 1)}^{2}$ by ${(5 x + 1)}^{3}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.5.13.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{68 {(2 x - 3)}^{3}}{{(5 x + 1)}^{2 + 3}}$

Step 4.5.13.2

Add $2$ and $3$ .

$\frac{68 {(2 x - 3)}^{3}}{{(5 x + 1)}^{5}}$