Calculus Examples

$y = \frac{x^{3} - 2}{\sec (4 x^{2})}$

Step 1

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = x^{3} - 2$ and $g (x) = \sec (4 x^{2})$ .

$\frac{\sec (4 x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} - 2] - (x^{3} - 2) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (4 x^{2})]}{\sec^{2} (4 x^{2})}$

Step 2

Differentiate.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x^{3} - 2$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]$ .

$\frac{\sec (4 x^{2}) (\frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]) - (x^{3} - 2) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (4 x^{2})]}{\sec^{2} (4 x^{2})}$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$\frac{\sec (4 x^{2}) (3 x^{2} + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]) - (x^{3} - 2) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (4 x^{2})]}{\sec^{2} (4 x^{2})}$

Step 2.3

Since $- 2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 2$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{\sec (4 x^{2}) (3 x^{2} + 0) - (x^{3} - 2) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (4 x^{2})]}{\sec^{2} (4 x^{2})}$

Step 2.4

Add $3 x^{2}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{\sec (4 x^{2}) (3 x^{2}) - (x^{3} - 2) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (4 x^{2})]}{\sec^{2} (4 x^{2})}$

Step 3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \sec (x)$ and $g (x) = 4 x^{2}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $4 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{\sec (4 x^{2}) (3 x^{2}) - (x^{3} - 2) (\frac{d}{d u} [\sec (u)] \frac{d}{d x} [4 x^{2}])}{\sec^{2} (4 x^{2})}$

Step 3.2

The derivative of $\sec (u)$ with respect to $u$ is $\sec (u) \tan (u)$ .

$\frac{\sec (4 x^{2}) (3 x^{2}) - (x^{3} - 2) (\sec (u) \tan (u) \frac{d}{d x} [4 x^{2}])}{\sec^{2} (4 x^{2})}$

Step 3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $4 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{\sec (4 x^{2}) (3 x^{2}) - (x^{3} - 2) (\sec (4 x^{2}) \tan (4 x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [4 x^{2}])}{\sec^{2} (4 x^{2})}$

Step 4

Factor $\sec (4 x^{2})$ out of $\sec (4 x^{2}) (3 x^{2}) - (x^{3} - 2) (\sec (4 x^{2}) \tan (4 x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [4 x^{2}])$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.1

Factor $\sec (4 x^{2})$ out of $- (x^{3} - 2) (\sec (4 x^{2}) \tan (4 x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [4 x^{2}])$ .

$\frac{\sec (4 x^{2}) (3 x^{2}) + \sec (4 x^{2}) (- (x^{3} - 2) (\tan (4 x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [4 x^{2}]))}{\sec^{2} (4 x^{2})}$

Step 4.2

Factor $\sec (4 x^{2})$ out of $\sec (4 x^{2}) (3 x^{2}) + \sec (4 x^{2}) (- (x^{3} - 2) (\tan (4 x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [4 x^{2}]))$ .

$\frac{\sec (4 x^{2}) (3 x^{2} - (x^{3} - 2) (\tan (4 x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [4 x^{2}]))}{\sec^{2} (4 x^{2})}$

Step 5

Cancel the common factors.

Tap for more steps...

Step 5.1

Factor $\sec (4 x^{2})$ out of $\sec^{2} (4 x^{2})$ .

$\frac{\sec (4 x^{2}) (3 x^{2} - (x^{3} - 2) (\tan (4 x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [4 x^{2}]))}{\sec (4 x^{2}) \sec (4 x^{2})}$

Step 5.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{\sec (4 x^{2}) (3 x^{2} - (x^{3} - 2) (\tan (4 x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [4 x^{2}]))}{\sec (4 x^{2}) \sec (4 x^{2})}$

Step 5.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{3 x^{2} - (x^{3} - 2) (\tan (4 x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [4 x^{2}])}{\sec (4 x^{2})}$

Step 6

Since $4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $4 x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $4 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$ .

$\frac{3 x^{2} - (x^{3} - 2) (\tan (4 x^{2}) (4 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]))}{\sec (4 x^{2})}$

Step 7

Multiply $4$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{3 x^{2} - 4 (x^{3} - 2) (\tan (4 x^{2}) (\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]))}{\sec (4 x^{2})}$

Step 8

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$\frac{3 x^{2} - 4 (x^{3} - 2) (\tan (4 x^{2}) (2 x))}{\sec (4 x^{2})}$

Step 9

Multiply $2$ by $- 4$ .

$\frac{3 x^{2} - 8 (x^{3} - 2) (\tan (4 x^{2}) (x))}{\sec (4 x^{2})}$

Step 10

Simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 10.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{3 x^{2} + (- 8 x^{3} - 8 \cdot - 2) (\tan (4 x^{2}) (x))}{\sec (4 x^{2})}$

Step 10.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{3 x^{2} - 8 x^{3} (\tan (4 x^{2}) x) - 8 \cdot - 2 (\tan (4 x^{2}) x)}{\sec (4 x^{2})}$

Step 10.3

Simplify the numerator.

Tap for more steps...

Step 10.3.1

Simplify each term.

Tap for more steps...

Step 10.3.1.1

Multiply $x^{3}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

Tap for more steps...

Step 10.3.1.1.1

Move $x$ .

$\frac{3 x^{2} - 8 (x \cdot x^{3}) \tan (4 x^{2}) - 8 \cdot - 2 (\tan (4 x^{2}) x)}{\sec (4 x^{2})}$

Step 10.3.1.1.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{3}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 10.3.1.1.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{3 x^{2} - 8 (x^{1} x^{3}) \tan (4 x^{2}) - 8 \cdot - 2 (\tan (4 x^{2}) x)}{\sec (4 x^{2})}$

Step 10.3.1.1.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{3 x^{2} - 8 x^{1 + 3} \tan (4 x^{2}) - 8 \cdot - 2 (\tan (4 x^{2}) x)}{\sec (4 x^{2})}$

Step 10.3.1.1.3

Add $1$ and $3$ .

$\frac{3 x^{2} - 8 x^{4} \tan (4 x^{2}) - 8 \cdot - 2 (\tan (4 x^{2}) x)}{\sec (4 x^{2})}$

Step 10.3.1.2

Multiply $- 8$ by $- 2$ .

$\frac{3 x^{2} - 8 x^{4} \tan (4 x^{2}) + 16 \tan (4 x^{2}) x}{\sec (4 x^{2})}$

Step 10.3.2

Reorder factors in $3 x^{2} - 8 x^{4} \tan (4 x^{2}) + 16 \tan (4 x^{2}) x$ .

$\frac{3 x^{2} - 8 x^{4} \tan (4 x^{2}) + 16 x \tan (4 x^{2})}{\sec (4 x^{2})}$