Calculus Examples

$y = \frac{1}{t} + \frac{1}{t^{2}} - \frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}$

Step 1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $\frac{1}{t} + \frac{1}{t^{2}} - \frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}$ with respect to $t$ is $\frac{d}{d t} [\frac{1}{t}] + \frac{d}{d t} [\frac{1}{t^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d t} [- \frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}]$ .

$\frac{d}{d t} [\frac{1}{t}] + \frac{d}{d t} [\frac{1}{t^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d t} [- \frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}]$

Step 2

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d t} [\frac{1}{t}]$ .

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Step 2.1

Rewrite $\frac{1}{t}$ as $t^{- 1}$ .

$\frac{d}{d t} [t^{- 1}] + \frac{d}{d t} [\frac{1}{t^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d t} [- \frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}]$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d t} [t^{n}]$ is $n t^{n - 1}$ where $n = - 1$ .

$- t^{- 2} + \frac{d}{d t} [\frac{1}{t^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d t} [- \frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}]$

Step 3

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d t} [\frac{1}{t^{2}}]$ .

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Step 3.1

Rewrite $\frac{1}{t^{2}}$ as ${(t^{2})}^{- 1}$ .

$- t^{- 2} + \frac{d}{d t} [{(t^{2})}^{- 1}] + \frac{d}{d t} [- \frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}]$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d t} [f (g (t))]$ is $f' (g (t)) g' (t)$ where $f (t) = t^{- 1}$ and $g (t) = t^{2}$ .

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Step 3.2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $t^{2}$ .

$- t^{- 2} + \frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{- 1}] \frac{d}{d t} [t^{2}] + \frac{d}{d t} [- \frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}]$

Step 3.2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{1}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = - 1$ .

$- t^{- 2} - {u_{1}}^{- 2} \frac{d}{d t} [t^{2}] + \frac{d}{d t} [- \frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}]$

Step 3.2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $t^{2}$ .

$- t^{- 2} - {(t^{2})}^{- 2} \frac{d}{d t} [t^{2}] + \frac{d}{d t} [- \frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}]$

Step 3.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d t} [t^{n}]$ is $n t^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$- t^{- 2} - {(t^{2})}^{- 2} (2 t) + \frac{d}{d t} [- \frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}]$

Step 3.4

Multiply the exponents in ${(t^{2})}^{- 2}$ .

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Step 3.4.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$- t^{- 2} - t^{2 \cdot - 2} (2 t) + \frac{d}{d t} [- \frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}]$

Step 3.4.2

Multiply $2$ by $- 2$ .

$- t^{- 2} - t^{- 4} (2 t) + \frac{d}{d t} [- \frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}]$

Step 3.5

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 4} t + \frac{d}{d t} [- \frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}]$

Step 3.6

Raise $t$ to the power of $1$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 (t^{1} t^{- 4}) + \frac{d}{d t} [- \frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}]$

Step 3.7

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{1 - 4} + \frac{d}{d t} [- \frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}]$

Step 3.8

Subtract $4$ from $1$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} + \frac{d}{d t} [- \frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}]$

Step 4

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d t} [- \frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}]$ .

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Step 4.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{t}$ as $t^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} + \frac{d}{d t} [- \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}}]$

Step 4.2

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d t} [f (t) g (t)]$ is $f (t) \frac{d}{d t} [g (t)] + g (t) \frac{d}{d t} [f (t)]$ where $f (t) = - 1$ and $g (t) = \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - \frac{d}{d t} [\frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}}] + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d t} [- 1]$

Step 4.3

Rewrite $\frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ as ${(t^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{- 1}$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - \frac{d}{d t} [{(t^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{- 1}] + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d t} [- 1]$

Step 4.4

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d t} [f (g (t))]$ is $f' (g (t)) g' (t)$ where $f (t) = t^{- 1}$ and $g (t) = t^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 4.4.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $t^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{- 1}] \frac{d}{d t} [t^{\frac{1}{2}}]) + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d t} [- 1]$

Step 4.4.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{2}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = - 1$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - (- {u_{2}}^{- 2} \frac{d}{d t} [t^{\frac{1}{2}}]) + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d t} [- 1]$

Step 4.4.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $t^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - (- {(t^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{- 2} \frac{d}{d t} [t^{\frac{1}{2}}]) + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d t} [- 1]$

Step 4.5

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d t} [t^{n}]$ is $n t^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - (- {(t^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{- 2} (\frac{1}{2} t^{\frac{1}{2} - 1})) + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d t} [- 1]$

Step 4.6

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $t$ , the derivative of $- 1$ with respect to $t$ is $0$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - (- {(t^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{- 2} (\frac{1}{2} t^{\frac{1}{2} - 1})) + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.7

Multiply the exponents in ${(t^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{- 2}$ .

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Step 4.7.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - (- t^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot - 2} (\frac{1}{2} t^{\frac{1}{2} - 1})) + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.7.2

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 4.7.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $- 2$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - (- t^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot (2 (- 1))} (\frac{1}{2} t^{\frac{1}{2} - 1})) + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.7.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - (- t^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot (2 \cdot - 1)} (\frac{1}{2} t^{\frac{1}{2} - 1})) + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.7.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - (- t^{- 1} (\frac{1}{2} t^{\frac{1}{2} - 1})) + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.8

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - (- t^{- 1} (\frac{1}{2} t^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}})) + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.9

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - (- t^{- 1} (\frac{1}{2} t^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}})) + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.10

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - (- t^{- 1} (\frac{1}{2} t^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}})) + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.11

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.11.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - (- t^{- 1} (\frac{1}{2} t^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}})) + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.11.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - (- t^{- 1} (\frac{1}{2} t^{\frac{- 1}{2}})) + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.12

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - (- t^{- 1} (\frac{1}{2} t^{- \frac{1}{2}})) + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.13

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $t^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - (- t^{- 1} \frac{t^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}) + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.14

Combine $\frac{t^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ and $t^{- 1}$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - - \frac{t^{- \frac{1}{2}} t^{- 1}}{2} + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.15

Multiply $t^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by $t^{- 1}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.15.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - - \frac{t^{- \frac{1}{2} - 1}}{2} + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.15.2

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - - \frac{t^{- \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.15.3

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - - \frac{t^{- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.15.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - - \frac{t^{\frac{- 1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.15.5

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.15.5.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - - \frac{t^{\frac{- 1 - 2}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.15.5.2

Subtract $2$ from $- 1$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - - \frac{t^{\frac{- 3}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.15.6

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - - \frac{t^{- \frac{3}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.16

Move $t^{- \frac{3}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} - - \frac{1}{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.17

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} + 1 \frac{1}{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.18

Multiply $\frac{1}{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}$ by $1$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} + \frac{1}{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 0$

Step 4.19

Multiply $\frac{1}{t^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ by $0$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} + \frac{1}{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}} + 0$

Step 4.20

Add $\frac{1}{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}$ and $0$ .

$- t^{- 2} - 2 t^{- 3} + \frac{1}{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 5

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$- \frac{1}{t^{2}} - 2 t^{- 3} + \frac{1}{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 6

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$- \frac{1}{t^{2}} - 2 \frac{1}{t^{3}} + \frac{1}{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 7

Combine terms.

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Step 7.1

Combine $- 2$ and $\frac{1}{t^{3}}$ .

$- \frac{1}{t^{2}} + \frac{- 2}{t^{3}} + \frac{1}{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 7.2

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{1}{t^{2}} - \frac{2}{t^{3}} + \frac{1}{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}$