Calculus Examples

$\int \sqrt{y} (4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) d y$

Step 1

Integrate by parts using the formula $\int u d v = u v - \int v d u$ , where $u = 4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}$ and $d v = \sqrt{y}$ .

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) (\frac{2}{3} y^{\frac{3}{2}}) - \int \frac{2}{3} y^{\frac{3}{2}} (- 4 y - 3) d y$

Step 2

Simplify.

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Step 2.1

Combine $\frac{2}{3}$ and $y^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{2}{3} y^{\frac{3}{2}} (- 4 y - 3) d y$

Step 2.2

Combine $\frac{2}{3}$ and $y^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} (- 4 y - 3) d y$

Step 3

Simplify.

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Step 3.1

Apply the distributive property.

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} (- 4 y) + \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} \cdot - 3 d y$

Step 3.2

Reorder $\frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3}$ and $- 4$ .

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int - 4 \cdot \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} y + \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} \cdot - 3 d y$

Step 3.3

Reorder $\frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3}$ and $- 3$ .

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int - 4 \cdot \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} y - 3 \cdot \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d y$

Step 3.4

Combine $- 4$ and $\frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3}$ .

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{- 4 (2 y^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} y - 3 \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d y$

Step 3.5

Multiply $- 4$ by $2$ .

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{- 8 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} y - 3 \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d y$

Step 3.6

Combine $\frac{- 8 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3}$ and $y$ .

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{- 8 y^{\frac{3}{2}} y}{3} - 3 \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d y$

Step 3.7

Raise $y$ to the power of $1$ .

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{- 8 (y^{\frac{3}{2}} y^{1})}{3} - 3 \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d y$

Step 3.8

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{- 8 y^{\frac{3}{2} + 1}}{3} - 3 \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d y$

Step 3.9

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{- 8 y^{\frac{3}{2} + \frac{2}{2}}}{3} - 3 \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d y$

Step 3.10

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{- 8 y^{\frac{3 + 2}{2}}}{3} - 3 \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d y$

Step 3.11

Add $3$ and $2$ .

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{- 8 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} - 3 \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d y$

Step 3.12

Combine $- 3$ and $\frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3}$ .

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{- 8 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} + \frac{- 3 (2 y^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} d y$

Step 3.13

Multiply $- 3$ by $2$ .

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{- 8 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} + \frac{- 6 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d y$

Step 4

Simplify.

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Step 4.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int - \frac{8 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} + \frac{- 6 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d y$

Step 4.2

Factor $3$ out of $- 6 y^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int - \frac{8 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} + \frac{3 (- 2 y^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} d y$

Step 4.3

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 4.3.1

Factor $3$ out of $3$ .

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int - \frac{8 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} + \frac{3 (- 2 y^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3 (1)} d y$

Step 4.3.2

Cancel the common factor.

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int - \frac{8 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} + \frac{3 (- 2 y^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3 \cdot 1} d y$

Step 4.3.3

Rewrite the expression.

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int - \frac{8 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} + \frac{- 2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{1} d y$

Step 4.3.4

Divide $- 2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}$ by $1$ .

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int - \frac{8 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} - 2 y^{\frac{3}{2}} d y$

Step 5

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (\int - \frac{8 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} d y + \int - 2 y^{\frac{3}{2}} d y)$

Step 6

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $y$ , move $- 1$ out of the integral.

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (- \int \frac{8 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} d y + \int - 2 y^{\frac{3}{2}} d y)$

Step 7

Since $\frac{8}{3}$ is constant with respect to $y$ , move $\frac{8}{3}$ out of the integral.

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (- (\frac{8}{3} \int y^{\frac{5}{2}} d y) + \int - 2 y^{\frac{3}{2}} d y)$

Step 8

By the Power Rule, the integral of $y^{\frac{5}{2}}$ with respect to $y$ is $\frac{2}{7} y^{\frac{7}{2}}$ .

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (- \frac{8}{3} (\frac{2}{7} y^{\frac{7}{2}} + C) + \int - 2 y^{\frac{3}{2}} d y)$

Step 9

Combine $\frac{2}{7}$ and $y^{\frac{7}{2}}$ .

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (- \frac{8}{3} (\frac{2 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{7} + C) + \int - 2 y^{\frac{3}{2}} d y)$

Step 10

Since $- 2$ is constant with respect to $y$ , move $- 2$ out of the integral.

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (- \frac{8}{3} (\frac{2 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{7} + C) - 2 \int y^{\frac{3}{2}} d y)$

Step 11

By the Power Rule, the integral of $y^{\frac{3}{2}}$ with respect to $y$ is $\frac{2}{5} y^{\frac{5}{2}}$ .

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (- \frac{8}{3} (\frac{2 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{7} + C) - 2 (\frac{2}{5} y^{\frac{5}{2}} + C))$

Step 12

Simplify.

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Step 12.1

Combine $\frac{2}{5}$ and $y^{\frac{5}{2}}$ .

$(4 - 3 y - 2 y^{2}) \frac{2 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (- \frac{8}{3} (\frac{2 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{7} + C) - 2 (\frac{2 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5} + C))$

Step 12.2

Simplify.

$\frac{8 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - 2 y^{\frac{5}{2}} + \frac{y^{\frac{7}{2}} \cdot - 4}{3} - (- \frac{8}{3} \cdot \frac{2 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{7} - 2 \frac{2 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5}) + C$

Step 12.3

Simplify.

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Step 12.3.1

Move $- 4$ to the left of $y^{\frac{7}{2}}$ .

$\frac{8 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - 2 y^{\frac{5}{2}} + \frac{- 4 \cdot y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} - (- \frac{8}{3} \cdot \frac{2 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{7} - 2 \frac{2 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5}) + C$

Step 12.3.2

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{8 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - 2 y^{\frac{5}{2}} - \frac{4 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} - (- \frac{8}{3} \cdot \frac{2 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{7} - 2 \frac{2 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5}) + C$

Step 12.3.3

Multiply $\frac{2 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{7}$ by $\frac{8}{3}$ .

$\frac{8 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - 2 y^{\frac{5}{2}} - \frac{4 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} - (- \frac{2 y^{\frac{7}{2}} \cdot 8}{7 \cdot 3} - 2 \frac{2 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5}) + C$

Step 12.3.4

Multiply $8$ by $2$ .

$\frac{8 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - 2 y^{\frac{5}{2}} - \frac{4 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} - (- \frac{16 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{7 \cdot 3} - 2 \frac{2 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5}) + C$

Step 12.3.5

Multiply $7$ by $3$ .

$\frac{8 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - 2 y^{\frac{5}{2}} - \frac{4 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} - (- \frac{16 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{21} - 2 \frac{2 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5}) + C$

Step 12.3.6

Combine $- 2$ and $\frac{2 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5}$ .

$\frac{8 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - 2 y^{\frac{5}{2}} - \frac{4 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} - (- \frac{16 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{21} + \frac{- 2 (2 y^{\frac{5}{2}})}{5}) + C$

Step 12.3.7

Multiply $2$ by $- 2$ .

$\frac{8 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - 2 y^{\frac{5}{2}} - \frac{4 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} - (- \frac{16 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{21} + \frac{- 4 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5}) + C$

Step 12.3.8

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{8 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - 2 y^{\frac{5}{2}} - \frac{4 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} - (- \frac{16 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{21} - \frac{4 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5}) + C$

Step 12.3.9

To write $- (- \frac{16 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{21} - \frac{4 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5})$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{3}{3}$ .

$\frac{8 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (- \frac{16 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{21} - \frac{4 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5}) \cdot \frac{3}{3} - 2 y^{\frac{5}{2}} - \frac{4 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} + C$

Step 12.3.10

Combine $- (- \frac{16 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{21} - \frac{4 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5})$ and $\frac{3}{3}$ .

$\frac{8 y^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} + \frac{- (- \frac{16 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{21} - \frac{4 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5}) \cdot 3}{3} - 2 y^{\frac{5}{2}} - \frac{4 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} + C$

Step 12.3.11

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{8 y^{\frac{3}{2}} - (- \frac{16 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{21} - \frac{4 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5}) \cdot 3}{3} - 2 y^{\frac{5}{2}} - \frac{4 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} + C$

Step 12.3.12

Multiply $3$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{8 y^{\frac{3}{2}} - 3 (- \frac{16 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{21} - \frac{4 y^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5})}{3} - 2 y^{\frac{5}{2}} - \frac{4 y^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} + C$

Step 13

Reorder terms.

$\frac{1}{3} (8 y^{\frac{3}{2}} - 3 (- \frac{16}{21} y^{\frac{7}{2}} - \frac{4}{5} y^{\frac{5}{2}})) - 2 y^{\frac{5}{2}} - \frac{4}{3} y^{\frac{7}{2}} + C$