Calculus Examples

$\int x \arctan (7 x) d x$

Step 1

Integrate by parts using the formula $\int u d v = u v - \int v d u$ , where $u = \arctan (7 x)$ and $d v = x$ .

$\arctan (7 x) (\frac{1}{2} x^{2}) - \int \frac{1}{2} x^{2} \frac{7}{49 x^{2} + 1} d x$

Step 2

Simplify.

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Step 2.1

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{2}$ .

$\arctan (7 x) \frac{x^{2}}{2} - \int \frac{1}{2} x^{2} \frac{7}{49 x^{2} + 1} d x$

Step 2.2

Combine $\arctan (7 x)$ and $\frac{x^{2}}{2}$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \int \frac{1}{2} x^{2} \frac{7}{49 x^{2} + 1} d x$

Step 3

Since $\frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $\frac{1}{2}$ out of the integral.

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} \int x^{2} \frac{7}{49 x^{2} + 1} d x)$

Step 4

Simplify.

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Step 4.1

Combine $x^{2}$ and $\frac{7}{49 x^{2} + 1}$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{x^{2} \cdot 7}{49 x^{2} + 1} d x)$

Step 4.2

Move $7$ to the left of $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{7 x^{2}}{49 x^{2} + 1} d x$

Step 5

Since $7$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $7$ out of the integral.

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{1}{2} (7 \int \frac{x^{2}}{49 x^{2} + 1} d x)$

Step 6

Simplify.

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Step 6.1

Multiply $7$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - 7 (\frac{1}{2}) \int \frac{x^{2}}{49 x^{2} + 1} d x$

Step 6.2

Combine $- 7$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} + \frac{- 7}{2} \int \frac{x^{2}}{49 x^{2} + 1} d x$

Step 6.3

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} \int \frac{x^{2}}{49 x^{2} + 1} d x$

Step 7

Divide $x^{2}$ by $49 x^{2} + 1$ .

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Step 7.1

Set up the polynomials to be divided. If there is not a term for every exponent, insert one with a value of $0$ .

$49 x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{2}$

$0 x$

$0$

Step 7.2

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $x^{2}$ by the highest order term in divisor $49 x^{2}$ .

							$\frac{1}{49}$
	$49 x^{2}$	+	$0 x$	+	$1$		$x^{2}$	+	$0 x$	+	$0$

Step 7.3

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

						$\frac{1}{49}$
$49 x^{2}$	+	$0 x$	+	$1$		$x^{2}$	+	$0 x$	+	$0$
					+	$x^{2}$	+	$0$	+	$\frac{1}{49}$

Step 7.4

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $x^{2} + 0 + \frac{1}{49}$

						$\frac{1}{49}$
$49 x^{2}$	+	$0 x$	+	$1$		$x^{2}$	+	$0 x$	+	$0$
					-	$x^{2}$	-	$0$	-	$\frac{1}{49}$

Step 7.5

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

						$\frac{1}{49}$
$49 x^{2}$	+	$0 x$	+	$1$		$x^{2}$	+	$0 x$	+	$0$
					-	$x^{2}$	-	$0$	-	$\frac{1}{49}$
									-	$\frac{1}{49}$

Step 7.6

The final answer is the quotient plus the remainder over the divisor.

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} \int \frac{1}{49} - \frac{1}{49 (49 x^{2} + 1)} d x$

Step 8

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} (\int \frac{1}{49} d x + \int - \frac{1}{49 (49 x^{2} + 1)} d x)$

Step 9

Apply the constant rule.

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} (\frac{1}{49} x + C + \int - \frac{1}{49 (49 x^{2} + 1)} d x)$

Step 10

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 1$ out of the integral.

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} (\frac{1}{49} x + C - \int \frac{1}{49 (49 x^{2} + 1)} d x)$

Step 11

Since $\frac{1}{49}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $\frac{1}{49}$ out of the integral.

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} (\frac{1}{49} x + C - (\frac{1}{49} \int \frac{1}{49 x^{2} + 1} d x))$

Step 12

Reorder $49 x^{2}$ and $1$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} (\frac{1}{49} x + C - \frac{1}{49} \int \frac{1}{1 + 49 x^{2}} d x)$

Step 13

Factor $49$ out of $1 + 49 x^{2}$ .

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Step 13.1

Factor $49$ out of $1$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} (\frac{1}{49} x + C - \frac{1}{49} \int \frac{1}{49 (\frac{1}{49}) + 49 x^{2}} d x)$

Step 13.2

Factor $49$ out of $49 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} (\frac{1}{49} x + C - \frac{1}{49} \int \frac{1}{49 (\frac{1}{49}) + 49 (x^{2})} d x)$

Step 13.3

Factor $49$ out of $49 (\frac{1}{49}) + 49 (x^{2})$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} (\frac{1}{49} x + C - \frac{1}{49} \int \frac{1}{49 (\frac{1}{49} + x^{2})} d x)$

Step 14

Since $\frac{1}{49}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $\frac{1}{49}$ out of the integral.

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} (\frac{1}{49} x + C - \frac{1}{49} (\frac{1}{49} \int \frac{1}{\frac{1}{49} + x^{2}} d x))$

Step 15

Simplify.

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Step 15.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{49}$ by $\frac{1}{49}$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} (\frac{1}{49} x + C - \frac{1}{49 \cdot 49} \int \frac{1}{\frac{1}{49} + x^{2}} d x)$

Step 15.2

Multiply $49$ by $49$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} (\frac{1}{49} x + C - \frac{1}{2401} \int \frac{1}{\frac{1}{49} + x^{2}} d x)$

Step 16

Rewrite $\frac{1}{49}$ as ${(\frac{1}{7})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} (\frac{1}{49} x + C - \frac{1}{2401} \int \frac{1}{{(\frac{1}{7})}^{2} + x^{2}} d x)$

Step 17

The integral of $\frac{1}{{(\frac{1}{7})}^{2} + x^{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{\frac{1}{7}} \arctan (\frac{x}{\frac{1}{7}}) + C$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} (\frac{1}{49} x + C - \frac{1}{2401} (\frac{1}{\frac{1}{7}} \arctan (\frac{x}{\frac{1}{7}}) + C))$

Step 18

Simplify.

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Step 18.1

Simplify.

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Step 18.1.1

Multiply by the reciprocal of the fraction to divide by $\frac{1}{7}$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} (\frac{1}{49} x + C - \frac{1}{2401} (1 \cdot 7 \arctan (\frac{x}{\frac{1}{7}}) + C))$

Step 18.1.2

Multiply $7$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} (\frac{1}{49} x + C - \frac{1}{2401} (7 \arctan (\frac{x}{\frac{1}{7}}) + C))$

Step 18.1.3

Multiply by the reciprocal of the fraction to divide by $\frac{1}{7}$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} (\frac{1}{49} x + C - \frac{1}{2401} (7 \arctan (x \cdot 7) + C))$

Step 18.1.4

Move $7$ to the left of $x$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} (\frac{1}{49} x + C - \frac{1}{2401} (7 \arctan (7 x) + C))$

Step 18.2

Simplify.

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} (\frac{x}{49} - \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{343}) + C$

Step 18.3

Simplify.

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Step 18.3.1

To write $- \frac{7}{2} (\frac{x}{49} - \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{343})$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{7}{2} (\frac{x}{49} - \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{343}) \cdot \frac{2}{2} + C$

Step 18.3.2

Combine $- \frac{7}{2} (\frac{x}{49} - \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{343})$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2}}{2} + \frac{- \frac{7}{2} (\frac{x}{49} - \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{343}) \cdot 2}{2} + C$

Step 18.3.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} - \frac{7}{2} (\frac{x}{49} - \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{343}) \cdot 2}{2} + C$

Step 18.3.4

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} - 2 (\frac{7}{2}) (\frac{x}{49} - \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{343})}{2} + C$

Step 18.3.5

Combine $- 2$ and $\frac{7}{2}$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} + \frac{- 2 \cdot 7}{2} (\frac{x}{49} - \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{343})}{2} + C$

Step 18.3.6

Multiply $- 2$ by $7$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} + \frac{- 14}{2} (\frac{x}{49} - \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{343})}{2} + C$

Step 18.3.7

Cancel the common factor of $- 14$ and $2$ .

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Step 18.3.7.1

Factor $2$ out of $- 14$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} + \frac{2 \cdot - 7}{2} (\frac{x}{49} - \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{343})}{2} + C$

Step 18.3.7.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 18.3.7.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} + \frac{2 \cdot - 7}{2 (1)} (\frac{x}{49} - \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{343})}{2} + C$

Step 18.3.7.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} + \frac{2 \cdot - 7}{2 \cdot 1} (\frac{x}{49} - \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{343})}{2} + C$

Step 18.3.7.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} + \frac{- 7}{1} (\frac{x}{49} - \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{343})}{2} + C$

Step 18.3.7.2.4

Divide $- 7$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} - 7 (\frac{x}{49} - \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{343})}{2} + C$

Step 18.4

Simplify.

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Step 18.4.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} - 7 \frac{x}{49} - 7 (- \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{343})}{2} + C$

Step 18.4.2

Cancel the common factor of $7$ .

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Step 18.4.2.1

Factor $7$ out of $- 7$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} + 7 (- 1) \frac{x}{49} - 7 (- \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{343})}{2} + C$

Step 18.4.2.2

Factor $7$ out of $49$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} + 7 \cdot - 1 \frac{x}{7 \cdot 7} - 7 (- \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{343})}{2} + C$

Step 18.4.2.3

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} + 7 \cdot - 1 \frac{x}{7 \cdot 7} - 7 (- \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{343})}{2} + C$

Step 18.4.2.4

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} - \frac{x}{7} - 7 (- \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{343})}{2} + C$

Step 18.4.3

Cancel the common factor of $7$ .

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Step 18.4.3.1

Move the leading negative in $- \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{343}$ into the numerator.

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} - \frac{x}{7} - 7 \frac{- \arctan (7 x)}{343}}{2} + C$

Step 18.4.3.2

Factor $7$ out of $- 7$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} - \frac{x}{7} + 7 (- 1) \frac{- \arctan (7 x)}{343}}{2} + C$

Step 18.4.3.3

Factor $7$ out of $343$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} - \frac{x}{7} + 7 \cdot - 1 \frac{- \arctan (7 x)}{7 \cdot 49}}{2} + C$

Step 18.4.3.4

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} - \frac{x}{7} + 7 \cdot - 1 \frac{- \arctan (7 x)}{7 \cdot 49}}{2} + C$

Step 18.4.3.5

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} - \frac{x}{7} - \frac{- \arctan (7 x)}{49}}{2} + C$

Step 18.4.4

Simplify each term.

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Step 18.4.4.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} - \frac{x}{7} - - \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{49}}{2} + C$

Step 18.4.4.2

Multiply $- - \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{49}$ .

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Step 18.4.4.2.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} - \frac{x}{7} + 1 \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{49}}{2} + C$

Step 18.4.4.2.2

Multiply $\frac{\arctan (7 x)}{49}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\arctan (7 x) x^{2} - \frac{x}{7} + \frac{\arctan (7 x)}{49}}{2} + C$

Step 19

Reorder terms.

$\frac{1}{2} (\arctan (7 x) x^{2} - \frac{1}{7} x + \frac{1}{49} \arctan (7 x)) + C$