Calculus Examples

$\int t \sin^{2} (t) d t$

Step 1

Integrate by parts using the formula $\int u d v = u v - \int v d u$ , where $u = t$ and $d v = \sin^{2} (t)$ .

$t (\frac{1}{2} t - \frac{1}{4} \sin (2 t)) - \int \frac{1}{2} t - \frac{1}{4} \sin (2 t) d t$

Step 2

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$t (\frac{1}{2} t - \frac{1}{4} \sin (2 t)) - (\int \frac{1}{2} t d t + \int - \frac{1}{4} \sin (2 t) d t)$

Step 3

Since $\frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $t$ , move $\frac{1}{2}$ out of the integral.

$t (\frac{1}{2} t - \frac{1}{4} \sin (2 t)) - (\frac{1}{2} \int t d t + \int - \frac{1}{4} \sin (2 t) d t)$

Step 4

By the Power Rule, the integral of $t$ with respect to $t$ is $\frac{1}{2} t^{2}$ .

$t (\frac{1}{2} t - \frac{1}{4} \sin (2 t)) - (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} t^{2} + C) + \int - \frac{1}{4} \sin (2 t) d t)$

Step 5

Since $- \frac{1}{4}$ is constant with respect to $t$ , move $- \frac{1}{4}$ out of the integral.

$t (\frac{1}{2} t - \frac{1}{4} \sin (2 t)) - (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} t^{2} + C) - \frac{1}{4} \int \sin (2 t) d t)$

Step 6

Let $u = 2 t$ . Then $d u = 2 d t$ , so $\frac{1}{2} d u = d t$ . Rewrite using $u$ and $d$ $u$ .

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Step 6.1

Let $u = 2 t$ . Find $\frac{d u}{d t}$ .

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Step 6.1.1

Differentiate $2 t$ .

$\frac{d}{d t} [2 t]$

Step 6.1.2

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $t$ , the derivative of $2 t$ with respect to $t$ is $2 \frac{d}{d t} [t]$ .

$2 \frac{d}{d t} [t]$

Step 6.1.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d t} [t^{n}]$ is $n t^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$2 \cdot 1$

Step 6.1.4

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$2$

Step 6.2

Rewrite the problem using $u$ and $d u$ .

$t (\frac{1}{2} t - \frac{1}{4} \sin (2 t)) - (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} t^{2} + C) - \frac{1}{4} \int \sin (u) \frac{1}{2} d u)$

Step 7

Since $\frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $u$ , move $\frac{1}{2}$ out of the integral.

$t (\frac{1}{2} t - \frac{1}{4} \sin (2 t)) - (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} t^{2} + C) - \frac{1}{4} (\frac{1}{2} \int \sin (u) d u))$

Step 8

Simplify.

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Step 8.1

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $t$ .

$t (\frac{t}{2} - \frac{1}{4} \sin (2 t)) - (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} t^{2} + C) - \frac{1}{4} (\frac{1}{2} \int \sin (u) d u))$

Step 8.2

Combine $\sin (2 t)$ and $\frac{1}{4}$ .

$t (\frac{t}{2} - \frac{\sin (2 t)}{4}) - (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} t^{2} + C) - \frac{1}{4} (\frac{1}{2} \int \sin (u) d u))$

Step 9

The integral of $\sin (u)$ with respect to $u$ is $- \cos (u)$ .

$t (\frac{t}{2} - \frac{\sin (2 t)}{4}) - (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} t^{2} + C) - \frac{1}{4} (\frac{1}{2} (- \cos (u) + C)))$

Step 10

Simplify.

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Step 10.1

Simplify.

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Step 10.1.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{2}$ by $\frac{1}{4}$ .

$t (\frac{t}{2} - \frac{\sin (2 t)}{4}) - (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} t^{2} + C) - \frac{1}{2 \cdot 4} (- \cos (u) + C))$

Step 10.1.2

Multiply $2$ by $4$ .

$t (\frac{t}{2} - \frac{\sin (2 t)}{4}) - (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} t^{2} + C) - \frac{1}{8} (- \cos (u) + C))$

Step 10.1.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $t^{2}$ .

$t (\frac{t}{2} - \frac{\sin (2 t)}{4}) - (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{t^{2}}{2} + C) - \frac{1}{8} (- \cos (u) + C))$

Step 10.2

Simplify.

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} - t \frac{\sin (2 t)}{4} - (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{t^{2}}{2} - \frac{1}{8} (- \cos (u))) + C$

Step 10.3

Simplify.

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Step 10.3.1

Combine $\frac{\sin (2 t)}{4}$ and $t$ .

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} - \frac{\sin (2 t) t}{4} - (\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{t^{2}}{2} - \frac{1}{8} (- \cos (u))) + C$

Step 10.3.2

Multiply $\frac{1}{2}$ by $\frac{t^{2}}{2}$ .

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} - \frac{\sin (2 t) t}{4} - (\frac{t^{2}}{2 \cdot 2} - \frac{1}{8} (- \cos (u))) + C$

Step 10.3.3

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} - \frac{\sin (2 t) t}{4} - (\frac{t^{2}}{4} - \frac{1}{8} (- \cos (u))) + C$

Step 10.3.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} - \frac{\sin (2 t) t}{4} - (\frac{t^{2}}{4} + 1 (\frac{1}{8}) \cos (u)) + C$

Step 10.3.5

Multiply $\frac{1}{8}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} - \frac{\sin (2 t) t}{4} - (\frac{t^{2}}{4} + \frac{1}{8} \cos (u)) + C$

Step 10.3.6

Combine $\frac{1}{8}$ and $\cos (u)$ .

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} - \frac{\sin (2 t) t}{4} - (\frac{t^{2}}{4} + \frac{\cos (u)}{8}) + C$

Step 10.3.7

To write $- (\frac{t^{2}}{4} + \frac{\cos (u)}{8})$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{4}{4}$ .

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} - \frac{\sin (2 t) t}{4} - (\frac{t^{2}}{4} + \frac{\cos (u)}{8}) \cdot \frac{4}{4} + C$

Step 10.3.8

Combine $- (\frac{t^{2}}{4} + \frac{\cos (u)}{8})$ and $\frac{4}{4}$ .

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} - \frac{\sin (2 t) t}{4} + \frac{- (\frac{t^{2}}{4} + \frac{\cos (u)}{8}) \cdot 4}{4} + C$

Step 10.3.9

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} + \frac{- \sin (2 t) t - (\frac{t^{2}}{4} + \frac{\cos (u)}{8}) \cdot 4}{4} + C$

Step 10.3.10

Multiply $4$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} + \frac{- \sin (2 t) t - 4 (\frac{t^{2}}{4} + \frac{\cos (u)}{8})}{4} + C$

Step 11

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $2 t$ .

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} + \frac{- \sin (2 t) t - 4 (\frac{t^{2}}{4} + \frac{\cos (2 t)}{8})}{4} + C$

Step 12

Simplify.

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Step 12.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} + \frac{- \sin (2 t) t - 4 \frac{t^{2}}{4} - 4 \frac{\cos (2 t)}{8}}{4} + C$

Step 12.2

Cancel the common factor of $4$ .

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Step 12.2.1

Factor $4$ out of $- 4$ .

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} + \frac{- \sin (2 t) t + 4 (- 1) \frac{t^{2}}{4} - 4 \frac{\cos (2 t)}{8}}{4} + C$

Step 12.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} + \frac{- \sin (2 t) t + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{t^{2}}{4} - 4 \frac{\cos (2 t)}{8}}{4} + C$

Step 12.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} + \frac{- \sin (2 t) t - t^{2} - 4 \frac{\cos (2 t)}{8}}{4} + C$

Step 12.3

Cancel the common factor of $4$ .

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Step 12.3.1

Factor $4$ out of $- 4$ .

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} + \frac{- \sin (2 t) t - t^{2} + 4 (- 1) \frac{\cos (2 t)}{8}}{4} + C$

Step 12.3.2

Factor $4$ out of $8$ .

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} + \frac{- \sin (2 t) t - t^{2} + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{\cos (2 t)}{4 \cdot 2}}{4} + C$

Step 12.3.3

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} + \frac{- \sin (2 t) t - t^{2} + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{\cos (2 t)}{4 \cdot 2}}{4} + C$

Step 12.3.4

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} + \frac{- \sin (2 t) t - t^{2} - \frac{\cos (2 t)}{2}}{4} + C$

Step 13

Simplify.

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Step 13.1

Factor $- 1$ out of $- \sin (2 t) t$ .

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} + \frac{- (\sin (2 t) t) - t^{2} - \frac{\cos (2 t)}{2}}{4} + C$

Step 13.2

Factor $- 1$ out of $- t^{2}$ .

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} + \frac{- (\sin (2 t) t) - (t^{2}) - \frac{\cos (2 t)}{2}}{4} + C$

Step 13.3

Factor $- 1$ out of $- (\sin (2 t) t) - (t^{2})$ .

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} + \frac{- (\sin (2 t) t + t^{2}) - \frac{\cos (2 t)}{2}}{4} + C$

Step 13.4

Factor $- 1$ out of $- \frac{\cos (2 t)}{2}$ .

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} + \frac{- (\sin (2 t) t + t^{2}) - (\frac{\cos (2 t)}{2})}{4} + C$

Step 13.5

Factor $- 1$ out of $- (\sin (2 t) t + t^{2}) - (\frac{\cos (2 t)}{2})$ .

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} + \frac{- (\sin (2 t) t + t^{2} + \frac{\cos (2 t)}{2})}{4} + C$

Step 13.6

Rewrite $- (\sin (2 t) t + t^{2} + \frac{\cos (2 t)}{2})$ as $- 1 (\sin (2 t) t + t^{2} + \frac{\cos (2 t)}{2})$ .

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} + \frac{- 1 (\sin (2 t) t + t^{2} + \frac{\cos (2 t)}{2})}{4} + C$

Step 13.7

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} - \frac{\sin (2 t) t + t^{2} + \frac{\cos (2 t)}{2}}{4} + C$

Step 13.8

Reorder factors in $- \frac{\sin (2 t) t + t^{2} + \frac{\cos (2 t)}{2}}{4}$ .

$\frac{t^{2}}{2} - \frac{t \sin (2 t) + t^{2} + \frac{\cos (2 t)}{2}}{4} + C$

Step 13.9

Reorder terms.

$\frac{1}{2} t^{2} - \frac{1}{4} (t \sin (2 t) + t^{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cos (2 t)) + C$