Calculus Examples

$\int (x^{2} + 5 x + 6) \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 1

Apply the distributive property.

$\int x^{2} \cos (2 x) + 5 x \cos (2 x) + 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 2

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$\int x^{2} \cos (2 x) d x + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 3

Integrate by parts using the formula $\int u d v = u v - \int v d u$ , where $u = x^{2}$ and $d v = \cos (2 x)$ .

$x^{2} (\frac{1}{2} \sin (2 x)) - \int \frac{1}{2} \sin (2 x) (2 x) d x + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 4

Simplify.

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Step 4.1

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $\sin (2 x)$ .

$x^{2} \frac{\sin (2 x)}{2} - \int \frac{1}{2} \sin (2 x) (2 x) d x + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 4.2

Combine $x^{2}$ and $\frac{\sin (2 x)}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - \int \frac{1}{2} \sin (2 x) (2 x) d x + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 5

Since $\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2$ out of the integral.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2 \int \sin (2 x) (x) d x) + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 6

Simplify.

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Step 6.1

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (\frac{2}{2} \int \sin (2 x) (x) d x) + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 6.2

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 6.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (\frac{2}{2} \int \sin (2 x) (x) d x) + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 6.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (1 \int \sin (2 x) (x) d x) + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 6.3

Multiply $\int \sin (2 x) (x) d x$ by $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - \int \sin (2 x) (x) d x + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 7

Integrate by parts using the formula $\int u d v = u v - \int v d u$ , where $u = x$ and $d v = \sin (2 x)$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (x (- \frac{1}{2} \cos (2 x)) - \int - \frac{1}{2} \cos (2 x) d x) + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 8

Simplify.

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Step 8.1

Combine $\cos (2 x)$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (x (- \frac{\cos (2 x)}{2}) - \int - \frac{1}{2} \cos (2 x) d x) + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 8.2

Combine $x$ and $\frac{\cos (2 x)}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} - \int - \frac{1}{2} \cos (2 x) d x) + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 8.3

Combine $\cos (2 x)$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} - \int - \frac{\cos (2 x)}{2} d x) + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 9

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 1$ out of the integral.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} - - \int \frac{\cos (2 x)}{2} d x) + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 10

Simplify.

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Step 10.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + 1 \int \frac{\cos (2 x)}{2} d x) + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 10.2

Multiply $\int \frac{\cos (2 x)}{2} d x$ by $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \int \frac{\cos (2 x)}{2} d x) + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 11

Since $\frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $\frac{1}{2}$ out of the integral.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \int \cos (2 x) d x) + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 12

Let $u_{1} = 2 x$ . Then $d u_{1} = 2 d x$ , so $\frac{1}{2} d u_{1} = d x$ . Rewrite using $u_{1}$ and $d$ $u_{1}$ .

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Step 12.1

Let $u_{1} = 2 x$ . Find $\frac{d u_{1}}{d x}$ .

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Step 12.1.1

Differentiate $2 x$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [2 x]$

Step 12.1.2

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 12.1.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$2 \cdot 1$

Step 12.1.4

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$2$

Step 12.2

Rewrite the problem using $u_{1}$ and $d u_{1}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \int \cos (u_{1}) \frac{1}{2} d u_{1}) + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 13

Combine $\cos (u_{1})$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{\cos (u_{1})}{2} d u_{1}) + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 14

Since $\frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $u_{1}$ , move $\frac{1}{2}$ out of the integral.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} \int \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1})) + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 15

Simplify.

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Step 15.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{2}$ by $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 \cdot 2} \int \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}) + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 15.2

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} \int \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}) + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 16

The integral of $\cos (u_{1})$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $\sin (u_{1})$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + \int 5 x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 17

Since $5$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $5$ out of the integral.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 \int x \cos (2 x) d x + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 18

Integrate by parts using the formula $\int u d v = u v - \int v d u$ , where $u = x$ and $d v = \cos (2 x)$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (x (\frac{1}{2} \sin (2 x)) - \int \frac{1}{2} \sin (2 x) d x) + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 19

Simplify.

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Step 19.1

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $\sin (2 x)$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (x \frac{\sin (2 x)}{2} - \int \frac{1}{2} \sin (2 x) d x) + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 19.2

Combine $x$ and $\frac{\sin (2 x)}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (\frac{x \sin (2 x)}{2} - \int \frac{1}{2} \sin (2 x) d x) + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 19.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $\sin (2 x)$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (\frac{x \sin (2 x)}{2} - \int \frac{\sin (2 x)}{2} d x) + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 20

Since $\frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $\frac{1}{2}$ out of the integral.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (\frac{x \sin (2 x)}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} \int \sin (2 x) d x)) + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 21

Let $u_{2} = 2 x$ . Then $d u_{2} = 2 d x$ , so $\frac{1}{2} d u_{2} = d x$ . Rewrite using $u_{2}$ and $d$ $u_{2}$ .

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Step 21.1

Let $u_{2} = 2 x$ . Find $\frac{d u_{2}}{d x}$ .

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Step 21.1.1

Differentiate $2 x$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [2 x]$

Step 21.1.2

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 21.1.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$2 \cdot 1$

Step 21.1.4

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$2$

Step 21.2

Rewrite the problem using $u_{2}$ and $d u_{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (\frac{x \sin (2 x)}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \int \sin (u_{2}) \frac{1}{2} d u_{2}) + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 22

Combine $\sin (u_{2})$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (\frac{x \sin (2 x)}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{\sin (u_{2})}{2} d u_{2}) + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 23

Since $\frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $u_{2}$ , move $\frac{1}{2}$ out of the integral.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (\frac{x \sin (2 x)}{2} - \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} \int \sin (u_{2}) d u_{2})) + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 24

Simplify.

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Step 24.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{2}$ by $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (\frac{x \sin (2 x)}{2} - \frac{1}{2 \cdot 2} \int \sin (u_{2}) d u_{2}) + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 24.2

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (\frac{x \sin (2 x)}{2} - \frac{1}{4} \int \sin (u_{2}) d u_{2}) + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 25

The integral of $\sin (u_{2})$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $- \cos (u_{2})$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (\frac{x \sin (2 x)}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (- \cos (u_{2}) + C)) + \int 6 \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 26

Since $6$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $6$ out of the integral.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (\frac{x \sin (2 x)}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (- \cos (u_{2}) + C)) + 6 \int \cos (2 x) d x$

Step 27

Let $u_{3} = 2 x$ . Then $d u_{3} = 2 d x$ , so $\frac{1}{2} d u_{3} = d x$ . Rewrite using $u_{3}$ and $d$ $u_{3}$ .

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Step 27.1

Let $u_{3} = 2 x$ . Find $\frac{d u_{3}}{d x}$ .

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Step 27.1.1

Differentiate $2 x$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [2 x]$

Step 27.1.2

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 27.1.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$2 \cdot 1$

Step 27.1.4

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$2$

Step 27.2

Rewrite the problem using $u_{3}$ and $d u_{3}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (\frac{x \sin (2 x)}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (- \cos (u_{2}) + C)) + 6 \int \cos (u_{3}) \frac{1}{2} d u_{3}$

Step 28

Combine $\cos (u_{3})$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (\frac{x \sin (2 x)}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (- \cos (u_{2}) + C)) + 6 \int \frac{\cos (u_{3})}{2} d u_{3}$

Step 29

Since $\frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $u_{3}$ , move $\frac{1}{2}$ out of the integral.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (\frac{x \sin (2 x)}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (- \cos (u_{2}) + C)) + 6 (\frac{1}{2} \int \cos (u_{3}) d u_{3})$

Step 30

Simplify.

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Step 30.1

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $6$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (\frac{x \sin (2 x)}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (- \cos (u_{2}) + C)) + \frac{6}{2} \int \cos (u_{3}) d u_{3}$

Step 30.2

Cancel the common factor of $6$ and $2$ .

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Step 30.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $6$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (\frac{x \sin (2 x)}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (- \cos (u_{2}) + C)) + \frac{2 \cdot 3}{2} \int \cos (u_{3}) d u_{3}$

Step 30.2.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 30.2.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (\frac{x \sin (2 x)}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (- \cos (u_{2}) + C)) + \frac{2 \cdot 3}{2 (1)} \int \cos (u_{3}) d u_{3}$

Step 30.2.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (\frac{x \sin (2 x)}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (- \cos (u_{2}) + C)) + \frac{2 \cdot 3}{2 \cdot 1} \int \cos (u_{3}) d u_{3}$

Step 30.2.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (\frac{x \sin (2 x)}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (- \cos (u_{2}) + C)) + \frac{3}{1} \int \cos (u_{3}) d u_{3}$

Step 30.2.2.4

Divide $3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (\frac{x \sin (2 x)}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (- \cos (u_{2}) + C)) + 3 \int \cos (u_{3}) d u_{3}$

Step 31

The integral of $\cos (u_{3})$ with respect to $u_{3}$ is $\sin (u_{3})$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} - (- \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} + \frac{1}{4} (\sin (u_{1}) + C)) + 5 (\frac{x \sin (2 x)}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (- \cos (u_{2}) + C)) + 3 (\sin (u_{3}) + C)$

Step 32

Simplify.

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} + \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} - \frac{\sin (u_{1})}{4} + \frac{5 x \sin (2 x)}{2} + \frac{5 \cos (u_{2})}{4} + 3 \sin (u_{3}) + C$

Step 33

Substitute back in for each integration substitution variable.

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Step 33.1

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $2 x$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} + \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} - \frac{\sin (2 x)}{4} + \frac{5 x \sin (2 x)}{2} + \frac{5 \cos (u_{2})}{4} + 3 \sin (u_{3}) + C$

Step 33.2

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $2 x$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} + \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} - \frac{\sin (2 x)}{4} + \frac{5 x \sin (2 x)}{2} + \frac{5 \cos (2 x)}{4} + 3 \sin (u_{3}) + C$

Step 33.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{3}$ with $2 x$ .

$\frac{x^{2} \sin (2 x)}{2} + \frac{x \cos (2 x)}{2} - \frac{\sin (2 x)}{4} + \frac{5 x \sin (2 x)}{2} + \frac{5 \cos (2 x)}{4} + 3 \sin (2 x) + C$

Step 34

Reorder terms.

$\frac{1}{2} x^{2} \sin (2 x) + \frac{1}{2} x \cos (2 x) - \frac{1}{4} \sin (2 x) + \frac{5}{2} x \sin (2 x) + \frac{5}{4} \cos (2 x) + 3 \sin (2 x) + C$