Calculus Examples

$f (x) = x^{\frac{4}{5}} {(x - 4)}^{2}$

Step 1

Rewrite ${(x - 4)}^{2}$ as $(x - 4) (x - 4)$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{4}{5}} ((x - 4) (x - 4))]$

Step 2

Expand $(x - 4) (x - 4)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{4}{5}} (x (x - 4) - 4 (x - 4))]$

Step 2.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{4}{5}} (x \cdot x + x \cdot - 4 - 4 (x - 4))]$

Step 2.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{4}{5}} (x \cdot x + x \cdot - 4 - 4 x - 4 \cdot - 4)]$

Step 3

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{4}{5}} (x^{2} + x \cdot - 4 - 4 x - 4 \cdot - 4)]$

Step 3.1.2

Move $- 4$ to the left of $x$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{4}{5}} (x^{2} - 4 \cdot x - 4 x - 4 \cdot - 4)]$

Step 3.1.3

Multiply $- 4$ by $- 4$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{4}{5}} (x^{2} - 4 x - 4 x + 16)]$

Step 3.2

Subtract $4 x$ from $- 4 x$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{4}{5}} (x^{2} - 8 x + 16)]$

Step 4

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{4}{5}}$ and $g (x) = x^{2} - 8 x + 16$ .

$x^{\frac{4}{5}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} - 8 x + 16] + (x^{2} - 8 x + 16) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{4}{5}}]$

Step 5

Differentiate.

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Step 5.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x^{2} - 8 x + 16$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 8 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [16]$ .

$x^{\frac{4}{5}} (\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 8 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [16]) + (x^{2} - 8 x + 16) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{4}{5}}]$

Step 5.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$x^{\frac{4}{5}} (2 x + \frac{d}{d x} [- 8 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [16]) + (x^{2} - 8 x + 16) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{4}{5}}]$

Step 5.3

Since $- 8$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 8 x$ with respect to $x$ is $- 8 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$x^{\frac{4}{5}} (2 x - 8 \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [16]) + (x^{2} - 8 x + 16) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{4}{5}}]$

Step 5.4

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$x^{\frac{4}{5}} (2 x - 8 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [16]) + (x^{2} - 8 x + 16) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{4}{5}}]$

Step 5.5

Multiply $- 8$ by $1$ .

$x^{\frac{4}{5}} (2 x - 8 + \frac{d}{d x} [16]) + (x^{2} - 8 x + 16) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{4}{5}}]$

Step 5.6

Since $16$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $16$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$x^{\frac{4}{5}} (2 x - 8 + 0) + (x^{2} - 8 x + 16) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{4}{5}}]$

Step 5.7

Add $2 x - 8$ and $0$ .

$x^{\frac{4}{5}} (2 x - 8) + (x^{2} - 8 x + 16) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{4}{5}}]$

Step 5.8

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{4}{5}$ .

$x^{\frac{4}{5}} (2 x - 8) + (x^{2} - 8 x + 16) (\frac{4}{5} x^{\frac{4}{5} - 1})$

Step 6

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{5}{5}$ .

$x^{\frac{4}{5}} (2 x - 8) + (x^{2} - 8 x + 16) (\frac{4}{5} x^{\frac{4}{5} - 1 \cdot \frac{5}{5}})$

Step 7

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{5}{5}$ .

$x^{\frac{4}{5}} (2 x - 8) + (x^{2} - 8 x + 16) (\frac{4}{5} x^{\frac{4}{5} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 5}{5}})$

Step 8

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$x^{\frac{4}{5}} (2 x - 8) + (x^{2} - 8 x + 16) (\frac{4}{5} x^{\frac{4 - 1 \cdot 5}{5}})$

Step 9

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 9.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $5$ .

$x^{\frac{4}{5}} (2 x - 8) + (x^{2} - 8 x + 16) (\frac{4}{5} x^{\frac{4 - 5}{5}})$

Step 9.2

Subtract $5$ from $4$ .

$x^{\frac{4}{5}} (2 x - 8) + (x^{2} - 8 x + 16) (\frac{4}{5} x^{\frac{- 1}{5}})$

Step 10

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$x^{\frac{4}{5}} (2 x - 8) + (x^{2} - 8 x + 16) (\frac{4}{5} x^{- \frac{1}{5}})$

Step 11

Combine $\frac{4}{5}$ and $x^{- \frac{1}{5}}$ .

$x^{\frac{4}{5}} (2 x - 8) + (x^{2} - 8 x + 16) \frac{4 x^{- \frac{1}{5}}}{5}$

Step 12

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{5}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$x^{\frac{4}{5}} (2 x - 8) + (x^{2} - 8 x + 16) \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13

Simplify.

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Step 13.1

Apply the distributive property.

$x^{\frac{4}{5}} (2 x) + x^{\frac{4}{5}} \cdot - 8 + (x^{2} - 8 x + 16) \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.2

Apply the distributive property.

$x^{\frac{4}{5}} (2 x) + x^{\frac{4}{5}} \cdot - 8 + x^{2} \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} - 8 x \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3

Combine terms.

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Step 13.3.1

Multiply $x^{\frac{4}{5}}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.3.1.1

Move $x$ .

$x \cdot x^{\frac{4}{5}} \cdot 2 + x^{\frac{4}{5}} \cdot - 8 + x^{2} \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} - 8 x \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.1.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{\frac{4}{5}}$ .

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Step 13.3.1.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{1} x^{\frac{4}{5}} \cdot 2 + x^{\frac{4}{5}} \cdot - 8 + x^{2} \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} - 8 x \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.1.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{1 + \frac{4}{5}} \cdot 2 + x^{\frac{4}{5}} \cdot - 8 + x^{2} \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} - 8 x \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.1.3

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$x^{\frac{5}{5} + \frac{4}{5}} \cdot 2 + x^{\frac{4}{5}} \cdot - 8 + x^{2} \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} - 8 x \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.1.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$x^{\frac{5 + 4}{5}} \cdot 2 + x^{\frac{4}{5}} \cdot - 8 + x^{2} \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} - 8 x \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.1.5

Add $5$ and $4$ .

$x^{\frac{9}{5}} \cdot 2 + x^{\frac{4}{5}} \cdot - 8 + x^{2} \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} - 8 x \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.2

Move $2$ to the left of $x^{\frac{9}{5}}$ .

$2 \cdot x^{\frac{9}{5}} + x^{\frac{4}{5}} \cdot - 8 + x^{2} \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} - 8 x \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.3

Move $- 8$ to the left of $x^{\frac{4}{5}}$ .

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 \cdot x^{\frac{4}{5}} + x^{2} \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} - 8 x \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.4

Combine $x^{2}$ and $\frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$ .

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{x^{2} \cdot 4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} - 8 x \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.5

Move $4$ to the left of $x^{2}$ .

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 \cdot x^{2}}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} - 8 x \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.6

Move $x^{\frac{1}{5}}$ to the numerator using the negative exponent rule $\frac{1}{b^{n}} = b^{- n}$ .

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{2} x^{- \frac{1}{5}}}{5} - 8 x \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.7

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{- \frac{1}{5}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.3.7.1

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{5}}$ .

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 (x^{- \frac{1}{5}} x^{2})}{5} - 8 x \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.7.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{- \frac{1}{5} + 2}}{5} - 8 x \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.7.3

To write $2$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{5}{5}$ .

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{- \frac{1}{5} + 2 \cdot \frac{5}{5}}}{5} - 8 x \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.7.4

Combine $2$ and $\frac{5}{5}$ .

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{- \frac{1}{5} + \frac{2 \cdot 5}{5}}}{5} - 8 x \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.7.5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{\frac{- 1 + 2 \cdot 5}{5}}}{5} - 8 x \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.7.6

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 13.3.7.6.1

Multiply $2$ by $5$ .

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{\frac{- 1 + 10}{5}}}{5} - 8 x \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.7.6.2

Add $- 1$ and $10$ .

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} - 8 x \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.8

Combine $- 8$ and $\frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$ .

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} + x \frac{- 8 \cdot 4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.9

Multiply $- 8$ by $4$ .

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} + x \frac{- 32}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.10

Combine $x$ and $\frac{- 32}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$ .

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} + \frac{x \cdot - 32}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.11

Move $- 32$ to the left of $x$ .

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} + \frac{- 32 \cdot x}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.12

Move $x^{\frac{1}{5}}$ to the numerator using the negative exponent rule $\frac{1}{b^{n}} = b^{- n}$ .

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} + \frac{- 32 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{5}}}{5} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.13

Multiply $x$ by $x^{- \frac{1}{5}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.3.13.1

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{5}}$ .

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} + \frac{- 32 (x^{- \frac{1}{5}} x)}{5} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.13.2

Multiply $x^{- \frac{1}{5}}$ by $x$ .

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Step 13.3.13.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} + \frac{- 32 (x^{- \frac{1}{5}} x^{1})}{5} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.13.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} + \frac{- 32 x^{- \frac{1}{5} + 1}}{5} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.13.3

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} + \frac{- 32 x^{- \frac{1}{5} + \frac{5}{5}}}{5} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.13.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} + \frac{- 32 x^{\frac{- 1 + 5}{5}}}{5} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.13.5

Add $- 1$ and $5$ .

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} + \frac{- 32 x^{\frac{4}{5}}}{5} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.14

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} - \frac{32 x^{\frac{4}{5}}}{5} + 16 \frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.15

Combine $16$ and $\frac{4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$ .

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} - \frac{32 x^{\frac{4}{5}}}{5} + \frac{16 \cdot 4}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.16

Multiply $16$ by $4$ .

$2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} - 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{4 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} - \frac{32 x^{\frac{4}{5}}}{5} + \frac{64}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.17

To write $2 x^{\frac{9}{5}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{5}{5}$ .

$- 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + 2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} \cdot \frac{5}{5} + \frac{4 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} - \frac{32 x^{\frac{4}{5}}}{5} + \frac{64}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.18

Combine $2 x^{\frac{9}{5}}$ and $\frac{5}{5}$ .

$- 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} \cdot 5}{5} + \frac{4 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} - \frac{32 x^{\frac{4}{5}}}{5} + \frac{64}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.19

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$- 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{2 x^{\frac{9}{5}} \cdot 5 + 4 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} - \frac{32 x^{\frac{4}{5}}}{5} + \frac{64}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.20

Multiply $5$ by $2$ .

$- 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{10 x^{\frac{9}{5}} + 4 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} - \frac{32 x^{\frac{4}{5}}}{5} + \frac{64}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.21

Add $10 x^{\frac{9}{5}}$ and $4 x^{\frac{9}{5}}$ .

$- 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} + \frac{14 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} - \frac{32 x^{\frac{4}{5}}}{5} + \frac{64}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.22

To write $- 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{5}{5}$ .

$- 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} \cdot \frac{5}{5} - \frac{32 x^{\frac{4}{5}}}{5} + \frac{14 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} + \frac{64}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.23

Combine $- 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}}$ and $\frac{5}{5}$ .

$\frac{- 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} \cdot 5}{5} - \frac{32 x^{\frac{4}{5}}}{5} + \frac{14 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} + \frac{64}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.24

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{- 8 x^{\frac{4}{5}} \cdot 5 - 32 x^{\frac{4}{5}}}{5} + \frac{14 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} + \frac{64}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.25

Multiply $5$ by $- 8$ .

$\frac{- 40 x^{\frac{4}{5}} - 32 x^{\frac{4}{5}}}{5} + \frac{14 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} + \frac{64}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.26

Subtract $32 x^{\frac{4}{5}}$ from $- 40 x^{\frac{4}{5}}$ .

$\frac{- 72 x^{\frac{4}{5}}}{5} + \frac{14 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} + \frac{64}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.3.27

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{72 x^{\frac{4}{5}}}{5} + \frac{14 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} + \frac{64}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}}$

Step 13.4

Reorder terms.

$\frac{14 x^{\frac{9}{5}}}{5} + \frac{64}{5 x^{\frac{1}{5}}} - \frac{72 x^{\frac{4}{5}}}{5}$