Calculus Examples

$y = {(x^{3} - 2 x)}^{\ln (x)}$

Step 1

Use the properties of logarithms to simplify the differentiation.

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Step 1.1

Rewrite ${(x^{3} - 2 x)}^{\ln (x)}$ as $e^{\ln ({(x^{3} - 2 x)}^{\ln (x)})}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [e^{\ln ({(x^{3} - 2 x)}^{\ln (x)})}]$

Step 1.2

Expand $\ln ({(x^{3} - 2 x)}^{\ln (x)})$ by moving $\ln (x)$ outside the logarithm.

$\frac{d}{d x} [e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = e^{x}$ and $g (x) = \ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [e^{u_{1}}] \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)]$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [a^{u_{1}}]$ is $a^{u_{1}} \ln (a)$ where $a$ = $e$ .

$e^{u_{1}} \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)]$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)]$

Step 3

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = \ln (x)$ and $g (x) = \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\ln (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x^{3} - 2 x)] + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 4

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \ln (x)$ and $g (x) = x^{3} - 2 x$ .

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Step 4.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $x^{3} - 2 x$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\ln (x) (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [\ln (u_{2})] \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} - 2 x]) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 4.2

The derivative of $\ln (u_{2})$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $\frac{1}{u_{2}}$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\ln (x) (\frac{1}{u_{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} - 2 x]) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 4.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $x^{3} - 2 x$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\ln (x) (\frac{1}{x^{3} - 2 x} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} - 2 x]) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 5

Differentiate.

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Step 5.1

Combine $\frac{1}{x^{3} - 2 x}$ and $\ln (x)$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{3} - 2 x} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} - 2 x] + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 5.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x^{3} - 2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2 x]$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{3} - 2 x} (\frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2 x]) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 5.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{3} - 2 x} (3 x^{2} + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2 x]) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 5.4

Since $- 2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $- 2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{3} - 2 x} (3 x^{2} - 2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 5.5

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{3} - 2 x} (3 x^{2} - 2 \cdot 1) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 5.6

Multiply $- 2$ by $1$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{3} - 2 x} (3 x^{2} - 2) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)])$

Step 6

The derivative of $\ln (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{x}$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{3} - 2 x} (3 x^{2} - 2) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) \frac{1}{x})$

Step 7

Combine $\ln (x^{3} - 2 x)$ and $\frac{1}{x}$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{3} - 2 x} (3 x^{2} - 2) + \frac{\ln (x^{3} - 2 x)}{x})$

Step 8

To write $\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{3} - 2 x} (3 x^{2} - 2)$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{x}{x}$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{3} - 2 x} (3 x^{2} - 2) \cdot \frac{x}{x} + \frac{\ln (x^{3} - 2 x)}{x})$

Step 9

Combine $\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{3} - 2 x} (3 x^{2} - 2)$ and $\frac{x}{x}$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\frac{\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{3} - 2 x} (3 x^{2} - 2) x}{x} + \frac{\ln (x^{3} - 2 x)}{x})$

Step 10

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} \frac{\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{3} - 2 x} (3 x^{2} - 2) x + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)}{x}$

Step 11

Combine $x$ and $\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{3} - 2 x}$ .

$e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} \frac{\frac{x \ln (x)}{x^{3} - 2 x} (3 x^{2} - 2) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)}{x}$

Step 12

Combine $e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)}$ and $\frac{\frac{x \ln (x)}{x^{3} - 2 x} (3 x^{2} - 2) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)}{x}$ .

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\frac{x \ln (x)}{x^{3} - 2 x} (3 x^{2} - 2) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x))}{x}$

Step 13

Simplify.

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Step 13.1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 13.1.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 13.1.1.1

Factor $x$ out of $x^{3} - 2 x$ .

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Step 13.1.1.1.1

Factor $x$ out of $x^{3}$ .

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\frac{x \ln (x)}{x \cdot x^{2} - 2 x} (3 x^{2} - 2) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x))}{x}$

Step 13.1.1.1.2

Factor $x$ out of $- 2 x$ .

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\frac{x \ln (x)}{x \cdot x^{2} + x \cdot - 2} (3 x^{2} - 2) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x))}{x}$

Step 13.1.1.1.3

Factor $x$ out of $x \cdot x^{2} + x \cdot - 2$ .

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\frac{x \ln (x)}{x (x^{2} - 2)} (3 x^{2} - 2) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x))}{x}$

Step 13.1.1.2

Cancel the common factor of $x$ .

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Step 13.1.1.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\frac{x \ln (x)}{x (x^{2} - 2)} (3 x^{2} - 2) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x))}{x}$

Step 13.1.1.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{2} - 2} (3 x^{2} - 2) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x))}{x}$

Step 13.1.1.3

Multiply $\frac{\ln (x)}{x^{2} - 2}$ by $3 x^{2} - 2$ .

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\frac{\ln (x) (3 x^{2} - 2)}{x^{2} - 2} + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x))}{x}$

Step 13.1.2

To write $\ln (x^{3} - 2 x)$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{x^{2} - 2}{x^{2} - 2}$ .

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\frac{\ln (x) (3 x^{2} - 2)}{x^{2} - 2} + \frac{\ln (x^{3} - 2 x) (x^{2} - 2)}{x^{2} - 2})}{x}$

Step 13.1.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} \frac{\ln (x) (3 x^{2} - 2) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) (x^{2} - 2)}{x^{2} - 2}}{x}$

Step 13.1.4

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 13.1.4.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} \frac{\ln (x) (3 x^{2}) + \ln (x) \cdot - 2 + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) (x^{2} - 2)}{x^{2} - 2}}{x}$

Step 13.1.4.2

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} \frac{3 \ln (x) x^{2} + \ln (x) \cdot - 2 + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) (x^{2} - 2)}{x^{2} - 2}}{x}$

Step 13.1.4.3

Multiply $\ln (x) \cdot - 2$ .

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Step 13.1.4.3.1

Reorder $\ln (x)$ and $- 2$ .

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} \frac{3 \ln (x) x^{2} - 2 \cdot \ln (x) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) (x^{2} - 2)}{x^{2} - 2}}{x}$

Step 13.1.4.3.2

Simplify $- 2 \cdot \ln (x)$ by moving $2$ inside the logarithm.

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} \frac{3 \ln (x) x^{2} - \ln (x^{2}) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) (x^{2} - 2)}{x^{2} - 2}}{x}$

Step 13.1.4.4

Simplify $3 \ln (x)$ by moving $3$ inside the logarithm.

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} \frac{\ln (x^{3}) x^{2} - \ln (x^{2}) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) (x^{2} - 2)}{x^{2} - 2}}{x}$

Step 13.1.4.5

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} \frac{\ln (x^{3}) x^{2} - \ln (x^{2}) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) x^{2} + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) \cdot - 2}{x^{2} - 2}}{x}$

Step 13.1.4.6

Multiply $\ln (x^{3} - 2 x) \cdot - 2$ .

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Step 13.1.4.6.1

Reorder $\ln (x^{3} - 2 x)$ and $- 2$ .

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} \frac{\ln (x^{3}) x^{2} - \ln (x^{2}) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) x^{2} - 2 \cdot \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)}{x^{2} - 2}}{x}$

Step 13.1.4.6.2

Simplify $- 2 \cdot \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)$ by moving $2$ inside the logarithm.

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} \frac{\ln (x^{3}) x^{2} - \ln (x^{2}) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) x^{2} - \ln ({(x^{3} - 2 x)}^{2})}{x^{2} - 2}}{x}$

Step 13.1.5

Combine $e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)}$ and $\frac{\ln (x^{3}) x^{2} - \ln (x^{2}) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) x^{2} - \ln ({(x^{3} - 2 x)}^{2})}{x^{2} - 2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\ln (x^{3}) x^{2} - \ln (x^{2}) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) x^{2} - \ln ({(x^{3} - 2 x)}^{2}))}{x^{2} - 2}}{x}$

Step 13.1.6

Reorder factors in $\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (\ln (x^{3}) x^{2} - \ln (x^{2}) + \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) x^{2} - \ln ({(x^{3} - 2 x)}^{2}))}{x^{2} - 2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (x^{2} \ln (x^{3}) - \ln (x^{2}) + x^{2} \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) - \ln ({(x^{3} - 2 x)}^{2}))}{x^{2} - 2}}{x}$

Step 13.2

Combine terms.

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Step 13.2.1

Rewrite $\frac{\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (x^{2} \ln (x^{3}) - \ln (x^{2}) + x^{2} \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) - \ln ({(x^{3} - 2 x)}^{2}))}{x^{2} - 2}}{x}$ as a product.

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (x^{2} \ln (x^{3}) - \ln (x^{2}) + x^{2} \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) - \ln ({(x^{3} - 2 x)}^{2}))}{x^{2} - 2} \cdot \frac{1}{x}$

Step 13.2.2

Multiply $\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (x^{2} \ln (x^{3}) - \ln (x^{2}) + x^{2} \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) - \ln ({(x^{3} - 2 x)}^{2}))}{x^{2} - 2}$ by $\frac{1}{x}$ .

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (x^{2} \ln (x^{3}) - \ln (x^{2}) + x^{2} \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) - \ln ({(x^{3} - 2 x)}^{2}))}{(x^{2} - 2) x}$

Step 13.3

Reorder terms.

$\frac{e^{\ln (x) \ln (x^{3} - 2 x)} (x^{2} \ln (x^{3}) - \ln (x^{2}) + x^{2} \ln (x^{3} - 2 x) - \ln ({(x^{3} - 2 x)}^{2}))}{x (x^{2} - 2)}$