Calculus Examples

$\frac{x^{2}}{x - 1}$

Step 1

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = x^{2}$ and $g (x) = x - 1$ .

$\frac{(x - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] - x^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [x - 1]}{{(x - 1)}^{2}}$

Step 2

Differentiate.

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Step 2.1

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$\frac{(x - 1) (2 x) - x^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [x - 1]}{{(x - 1)}^{2}}$

Step 2.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x - 1$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1]$ .

$\frac{(x - 1) (2 x) - x^{2} (\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1])}{{(x - 1)}^{2}}$

Step 2.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{(x - 1) (2 x) - x^{2} (1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1])}{{(x - 1)}^{2}}$

Step 2.4

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{(x - 1) (2 x) - x^{2} (1 + 0)}{{(x - 1)}^{2}}$

Step 2.5

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$\frac{(x - 1) (2 x) - x^{2} \cdot 1}{{(x - 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3

Simplify.

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Step 3.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{x (2 x) - 1 (2 x) - x^{2} \cdot 1}{{(x - 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 3.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.2.1.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{2 x \cdot x - 1 (2 x) - x^{2} \cdot 1}{{(x - 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 3.2.1.2.1

Move $x$ .

$\frac{2 (x \cdot x) - 1 (2 x) - x^{2} \cdot 1}{{(x - 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.2.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$\frac{2 x^{2} - 1 (2 x) - x^{2} \cdot 1}{{(x - 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.3

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{2 x^{2} - 2 x - x^{2} \cdot 1}{{(x - 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.1.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{2 x^{2} - 2 x - x^{2}}{{(x - 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2.2

Subtract $x^{2}$ from $2 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} - 2 x}{{(x - 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.3

Factor $x$ out of $x^{2} - 2 x$ .

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Step 3.3.1

Factor $x$ out of $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{x \cdot x - 2 x}{{(x - 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.3.2

Factor $x$ out of $- 2 x$ .

$\frac{x \cdot x + x \cdot - 2}{{(x - 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.3.3

Factor $x$ out of $x \cdot x + x \cdot - 2$ .

$\frac{x (x - 2)}{{(x - 1)}^{2}}$