Calculus Examples

$x^{4 \cos (x)}$

Step 1

Use the properties of logarithms to simplify the differentiation.

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Step 1.1

Rewrite $x^{4 \cos (x)}$ as $e^{\ln (x^{4 \cos (x)})}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [e^{\ln (x^{4 \cos (x)})}]$

Step 1.2

Expand $\ln (x^{4 \cos (x)})$ by moving $4 \cos (x)$ outside the logarithm.

$\frac{d}{d x} [e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = e^{x}$ and $g (x) = 4 \cos (x) \ln (x)$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $4 \cos (x) \ln (x)$ .

$\frac{d}{d u} [e^{u}] \frac{d}{d x} [4 \cos (x) \ln (x)]$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [a^{u}]$ is $a^{u} \ln (a)$ where $a$ = $e$ .

$e^{u} \frac{d}{d x} [4 \cos (x) \ln (x)]$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $4 \cos (x) \ln (x)$ .

$e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)} \frac{d}{d x} [4 \cos (x) \ln (x)]$

Step 3

Differentiate using the Constant Multiple Rule.

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Step 3.1

Since $4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $4 \cos (x) \ln (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $4 \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (x) \ln (x)]$ .

$e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)} (4 \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (x) \ln (x)])$

Step 3.2

Move $4$ to the left of $e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)}$ .

$4 \cdot e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)} \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (x) \ln (x)]$

Step 4

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = \cos (x)$ and $g (x) = \ln (x)$ .

$4 e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)} (\cos (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)] + \ln (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (x)])$

Step 5

The derivative of $\ln (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{x}$ .

$4 e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)} (\cos (x) \frac{1}{x} + \ln (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (x)])$

Step 6

Combine $\cos (x)$ and $\frac{1}{x}$ .

$4 e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)} (\frac{\cos (x)}{x} + \ln (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\cos (x)])$

Step 7

The derivative of $\cos (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $- \sin (x)$ .

$4 e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)} (\frac{\cos (x)}{x} + \ln (x) (- \sin (x)))$

Step 8

Simplify.

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Step 8.1

Apply the distributive property.

$4 e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)} \frac{\cos (x)}{x} + 4 e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)} (\ln (x) (- \sin (x)))$

Step 8.2

Combine terms.

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Step 8.2.1

Combine $\frac{\cos (x)}{x}$ and $4$ .

$\frac{\cos (x) \cdot 4}{x} e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)} + 4 e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)} (\ln (x) (- \sin (x)))$

Step 8.2.2

Combine $\frac{\cos (x) \cdot 4}{x}$ and $e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)}$ .

$\frac{\cos (x) \cdot 4 e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)}}{x} + 4 e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)} (\ln (x) (- \sin (x)))$

Step 8.2.3

Move $4$ to the left of $\cos (x)$ .

$\frac{4 \cdot \cos (x) e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)}}{x} + 4 e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)} (\ln (x) (- \sin (x)))$

Step 8.2.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $4$ .

$\frac{4 \cos (x) e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)}}{x} - 4 e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)} \ln (x) \sin (x)$

Step 8.3

Reorder terms.

$- 4 e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)} \sin (x) \ln (x) + \frac{4 \cos (x) e^{4 \cos (x) \ln (x)}}{x}$