Calculus Examples

$\sqrt{x \ln (x^{4})}$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x \ln (x^{4})}$ as ${(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [{(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = x \ln (x^{4})$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $x \ln (x^{4})$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}}] \frac{d}{d x} [x \ln (x^{4})]$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{1}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x \ln (x^{4})]$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $x \ln (x^{4})$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x \ln (x^{4})]$

Step 3

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \ln (x^{4})]$

Step 4

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \ln (x^{4})]$

Step 5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{2} {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \ln (x^{4})]$

Step 6

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 6.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \ln (x^{4})]$

Step 6.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \ln (x^{4})]$

Step 7

Combine fractions.

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Step 7.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{1}{2} {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \ln (x^{4})]$

Step 7.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and ${(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{{(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [x \ln (x^{4})]$

Step 7.3

Move ${(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [x \ln (x^{4})]$

Step 8

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = \ln (x^{4})$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (x \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x^{4})] + \ln (x^{4}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 9

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \ln (x)$ and $g (x) = x^{4}$ .

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Step 9.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $x^{4}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (x (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [\ln (u_{2})] \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}]) + \ln (x^{4}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 9.2

The derivative of $\ln (u_{2})$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $\frac{1}{u_{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (x (\frac{1}{u_{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}]) + \ln (x^{4}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 9.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $x^{4}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (x (\frac{1}{x^{4}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}]) + \ln (x^{4}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 10

Differentiate using the Power Rule.

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Step 10.1

Combine $\frac{1}{x^{4}}$ and $x$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{x}{x^{4}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}] + \ln (x^{4}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 10.2

Cancel the common factor of $x$ and $x^{4}$ .

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Step 10.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{x^{1}}{x^{4}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}] + \ln (x^{4}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 10.2.2

Factor $x$ out of $x^{1}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{x \cdot 1}{x^{4}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}] + \ln (x^{4}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 10.2.3

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 10.2.3.1

Factor $x$ out of $x^{4}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{x \cdot 1}{x \cdot x^{3}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}] + \ln (x^{4}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 10.2.3.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{1}{2 {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{x \cdot 1}{x \cdot x^{3}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}] + \ln (x^{4}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 10.2.3.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{1}{2 {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{1}{x^{3}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}] + \ln (x^{4}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 10.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 4$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{1}{x^{3}} (4 x^{3}) + \ln (x^{4}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 10.4

Simplify terms.

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Step 10.4.1

Combine $4$ and $\frac{1}{x^{3}}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{4}{x^{3}} x^{3} + \ln (x^{4}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 10.4.2

Combine $\frac{4}{x^{3}}$ and $x^{3}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{4 x^{3}}{x^{3}} + \ln (x^{4}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 10.4.3

Cancel the common factor of $x^{3}$ .

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Step 10.4.3.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{1}{2 {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{4 x^{3}}{x^{3}} + \ln (x^{4}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 10.4.3.2

Divide $4$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (4 + \ln (x^{4}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 10.5

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (4 + \ln (x^{4}) \cdot 1)$

Step 10.6

Multiply $\ln (x^{4})$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(x \ln (x^{4}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (4 + \ln (x^{4}))$

Step 11

Simplify.

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Step 11.1

Apply the product rule to $x \ln (x^{4})$ .

$\frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} (4 + \ln (x^{4}))$

Step 11.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} \cdot 4 + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} \ln (x^{4})$

Step 11.3

Combine terms.

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Step 11.3.1

Combine $\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $4$ .

$\frac{4}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} \ln (x^{4})$

Step 11.3.2

Factor $2$ out of $4$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} \ln (x^{4})$

Step 11.3.3

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 11.3.3.1

Factor $2$ out of $2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} \ln (x^{4})$

Step 11.3.3.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} \ln (x^{4})$

Step 11.3.3.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{2}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} \ln (x^{4})$

Step 11.3.4

Combine $\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $\ln (x^{4})$ .

$\frac{2}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{\ln (x^{4})}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 11.3.5

Move ${\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ to the numerator using the negative exponent rule $\frac{1}{b^{n}} = b^{- n}$ .

$\frac{2}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{\ln (x^{4}) {\ln (x^{4})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 11.3.6

Multiply $\ln (x^{4})$ by ${\ln (x^{4})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 11.3.6.1

Multiply $\ln (x^{4})$ by ${\ln (x^{4})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 11.3.6.1.1

Raise $\ln (x^{4})$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{2}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{\ln^{1} (x^{4}) {\ln (x^{4})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 11.3.6.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{2}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{{\ln (x^{4})}^{1 - \frac{1}{2}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 11.3.6.2

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{2}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{{\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 11.3.6.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{2}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{{\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{2 - 1}{2}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 11.3.6.4

Subtract $1$ from $2$ .

$\frac{2}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{{\ln (x^{4})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$