Calculus Examples

$\tan (\sqrt{3 t})$

Step 1

Simplify with factoring out.

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Step 1.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{3 t}$ as ${(3 t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d t} [\tan ({(3 t)}^{\frac{1}{2}})]$

Step 1.2

Factor $3$ out of $3 t$ .

$\frac{d}{d t} [\tan ({(3 (t))}^{\frac{1}{2}})]$

Step 1.3

Apply the product rule to $3 (t)$ .

$\frac{d}{d t} [\tan (3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}})]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d t} [f (g (t))]$ is $f' (g (t)) g' (t)$ where $f (t) = \tan (t)$ and $g (t) = 3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d u} [\tan (u)] \frac{d}{d t} [3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 2.2

The derivative of $\tan (u)$ with respect to $u$ is $\sec^{2} (u)$ .

$\sec^{2} (u) \frac{d}{d t} [3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\sec^{2} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d t} [3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 3

Differentiate.

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Step 3.1

Since $3^{\frac{1}{2}}$ is constant with respect to $t$ , the derivative of $3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}$ with respect to $t$ is $3^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t^{\frac{1}{2}}]$ .

$\sec^{2} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}) (3^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d t} [t^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d t} [t^{n}]$ is $n t^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\sec^{2} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}) (3^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} t^{\frac{1}{2} - 1}))$

Step 4

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\sec^{2} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}) (3^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} t^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}}))$

Step 5

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\sec^{2} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}) (3^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} t^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}}))$

Step 6

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\sec^{2} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}) (3^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} t^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}}))$

Step 7

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 7.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\sec^{2} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}) (3^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} t^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}}))$

Step 7.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\sec^{2} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}) (3^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} t^{\frac{- 1}{2}}))$

Step 8

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\sec^{2} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}) (3^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} t^{- \frac{1}{2}}))$

Step 9

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $t^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\sec^{2} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}) (3^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{t^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2})$

Step 10

Combine $3^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $\frac{t^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ .

$\sec^{2} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}$

Step 11

Move $t^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\sec^{2} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{3^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 t^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 12

Combine $\sec^{2} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}})$ and $\frac{3^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 t^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{\sec^{2} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 3^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 t^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 13

Reorder factors in $\sec^{2} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 3^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{3^{\frac{1}{2}} \sec^{2} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} t^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2 t^{\frac{1}{2}}}$