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Calculus Examples
Step 1
Let , where . Then . Note that since , is positive.
Step 2
Step 2.1
Simplify .
Step 2.1.1
Rearrange terms.
Step 2.1.2
Apply pythagorean identity.
Step 2.1.3
Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.
Step 2.2
Simplify.
Step 2.2.1
Rewrite in terms of sines and cosines.
Step 2.2.2
Rewrite in terms of sines and cosines.
Step 2.2.3
Multiply by the reciprocal of the fraction to divide by .
Step 2.2.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 2.2.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 2.2.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 2.2.5
Convert from to .
Step 3
Raise to the power of .
Step 4
Using the Pythagorean Identity, rewrite as .
Step 5
Step 5.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 5.2
Simplify each term.
Step 6
Split the single integral into multiple integrals.
Step 7
The integral of with respect to is .
Step 8
Apply the reciprocal identity to .
Step 9
Write in sines and cosines using the quotient identity.
Step 10
Step 10.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 10.2
Combine.
Step 10.3
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 10.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 10.3.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 10.3.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 10.3.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 10.3.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 10.4
Multiply by .
Step 11
Multiply by .
Step 12
Factor out of .
Step 13
Separate fractions.
Step 14
Convert from to .
Step 15
Convert from to .
Step 16
Since the derivative of is , the integral of is .
Step 17
Simplify.
Step 18
Replace all occurrences of with .