Calculus Examples

$f (x) = 4 x^{2} - 4 x + 4$

Step 1

Find $f (- x)$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.1

Find $f (- x)$ by substituting $- x$ for all occurrence of $x$ in $f (x)$ .

$f (- x) = 4 {(- x)}^{2} - 4 (- x) + 4$

Step 1.2

Simplify each term.

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.2.1

Apply the product rule to $- x$ .

$f (- x) = 4 ({(- 1)}^{2} x^{2}) - 4 (- x) + 4$

Step 1.2.2

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$f (- x) = 4 (1 x^{2}) - 4 (- x) + 4$

Step 1.2.3

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $1$ .

$f (- x) = 4 x^{2} - 4 (- x) + 4$

Step 1.2.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 4$ .

$f (- x) = 4 x^{2} + 4 x + 4$

Step 2

A function is even if $f (- x) = f (x)$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.1

Check if $f (- x) = f (x)$ .

Step 2.2

Since $4 x^{2} + 4 x + 4$ $\neq$ $4 x^{2} - 4 x + 4$ , the function is not even.

The function is not even

Step 3

A function is odd if $f (- x) = - f (x)$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 3.1

Find $- f (x)$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 3.1.1

Multiply $4 x^{2} - 4 x + 4$ by $- 1$ .

$- f (x) = - (4 x^{2} - 4 x + 4)$

Step 3.1.2

Apply the distributive property.

$- f (x) = - (4 x^{2}) - (- 4 x) - 1 \cdot 4$

Step 3.1.3

Simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 3.1.3.1

Multiply $4$ by $- 1$ .

$- f (x) = - 4 x^{2} - (- 4 x) - 1 \cdot 4$

Step 3.1.3.2

Multiply $- 4$ by $- 1$ .

$- f (x) = - 4 x^{2} + 4 x - 1 \cdot 4$

Step 3.1.3.3

Multiply $- 1$ by $4$ .

$- f (x) = - 4 x^{2} + 4 x - 4$

Step 3.2

Since $4 x^{2} + 4 x + 4$ $\neq$ $- 4 x^{2} + 4 x - 4$ , the function is not odd.

The function is not odd

Step 4

The function is neither odd nor even

Step 5