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Calculus Examples
Step 1
Step 1.1
Find the first derivative.
Step 1.1.1
Rewrite as .
Step 1.1.2
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 1.1.2.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.1.2.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.1.2.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.1.3
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 1.1.3.1
Simplify each term.
Step 1.1.3.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.3.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.3.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.3.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.3.2
Add and .
Step 1.1.4
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 1.1.5
Differentiate.
Step 1.1.5.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.1.5.2
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.1.5.3
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.1.5.4
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5.5
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.1.5.6
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.1.5.7
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5.8
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.1.5.9
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.1.5.10
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.1.5.11
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.1.5.12
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5.13
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.1.5.14
Add and .
Step 1.1.6
Simplify.
Step 1.1.6.1
Factor out of .
Step 1.1.6.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 1.1.6.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 1.1.6.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 1.1.6.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.6.3
Reorder terms.
Step 1.1.6.4
Simplify each term.
Step 1.1.6.4.1
Expand by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.
Step 1.1.6.4.2
Simplify each term.
Step 1.1.6.4.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.6.4.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.6.4.2.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 1.1.6.4.2.3.1
Move .
Step 1.1.6.4.2.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.6.4.2.3.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.1.6.4.2.3.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.1.6.4.2.3.3
Add and .
Step 1.1.6.4.2.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.1.6.4.2.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 1.1.6.4.2.5.1
Move .
Step 1.1.6.4.2.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.6.4.2.6
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.6.4.2.7
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.6.4.3
Subtract from .
Step 1.1.6.4.4
Subtract from .
Step 1.1.6.4.5
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 1.1.6.4.5.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.1.6.4.5.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.1.6.4.5.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.1.6.4.6
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 1.1.6.4.6.1
Simplify each term.
Step 1.1.6.4.6.1.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.1.6.4.6.1.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 1.1.6.4.6.1.2.1
Move .
Step 1.1.6.4.6.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.6.4.6.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.6.4.6.1.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.1.6.4.6.1.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 1.1.6.4.6.1.5.1
Move .
Step 1.1.6.4.6.1.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.6.4.6.1.5.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.1.6.4.6.1.5.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.1.6.4.6.1.5.3
Add and .
Step 1.1.6.4.6.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.6.4.6.1.7
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.6.4.6.1.8
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.6.4.6.2
Subtract from .
Step 1.1.6.5
Combine the opposite terms in .
Step 1.1.6.5.1
Add and .
Step 1.1.6.5.2
Add and .
Step 1.1.6.6
Add and .
Step 1.1.6.7
Subtract from .
Step 1.2
The first derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2
Step 2.1
Set the first derivative equal to .
Step 2.2
Factor the left side of the equation.
Step 2.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.1.1
Move .
Step 2.2.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.1.4
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.1.5
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.1.6
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.2
Factor.
Step 2.2.2.1
Factor using the rational roots test.
Step 2.2.2.1.1
If a polynomial function has integer coefficients, then every rational zero will have the form where is a factor of the constant and is a factor of the leading coefficient.
Step 2.2.2.1.2
Find every combination of . These are the possible roots of the polynomial function.
Step 2.2.2.1.3
Substitute and simplify the expression. In this case, the expression is equal to so is a root of the polynomial.
Step 2.2.2.1.3.1
Substitute into the polynomial.
Step 2.2.2.1.3.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.2.2.1.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.2.1.3.4
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.2.1.3.5
Add and .
Step 2.2.2.1.3.6
Subtract from .
Step 2.2.2.1.4
Since is a known root, divide the polynomial by to find the quotient polynomial. This polynomial can then be used to find the remaining roots.
Step 2.2.2.1.5
Divide by .
Step 2.2.2.1.5.1
Set up the polynomials to be divided. If there is not a term for every exponent, insert one with a value of .
+ | + | - | - |
Step 2.2.2.1.5.2
Divide the highest order term in the dividend by the highest order term in divisor .
+ | + | - | - |
Step 2.2.2.1.5.3
Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.
+ | + | - | - | ||||||||
+ | + |
Step 2.2.2.1.5.4
The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in
+ | + | - | - | ||||||||
- | - |
Step 2.2.2.1.5.5
After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.
+ | + | - | - | ||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
- |
Step 2.2.2.1.5.6
Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.
+ | + | - | - | ||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
- | - |
Step 2.2.2.1.5.7
Divide the highest order term in the dividend by the highest order term in divisor .
- | |||||||||||
+ | + | - | - | ||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
- | - |
Step 2.2.2.1.5.8
Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.
- | |||||||||||
+ | + | - | - | ||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
- | - |
Step 2.2.2.1.5.9
The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in
- | |||||||||||
+ | + | - | - | ||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
+ | + |
Step 2.2.2.1.5.10
After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.
- | |||||||||||
+ | + | - | - | ||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
+ | + | ||||||||||
- |
Step 2.2.2.1.5.11
Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.
- | |||||||||||
+ | + | - | - | ||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
+ | + | ||||||||||
- | - |
Step 2.2.2.1.5.12
Divide the highest order term in the dividend by the highest order term in divisor .
- | - | ||||||||||
+ | + | - | - | ||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
+ | + | ||||||||||
- | - |
Step 2.2.2.1.5.13
Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.
- | - | ||||||||||
+ | + | - | - | ||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
+ | + | ||||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
- | - |
Step 2.2.2.1.5.14
The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in
- | - | ||||||||||
+ | + | - | - | ||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
+ | + | ||||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
+ | + |
Step 2.2.2.1.5.15
After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.
- | - | ||||||||||
+ | + | - | - | ||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
+ | + | ||||||||||
- | - | ||||||||||
+ | + | ||||||||||
Step 2.2.2.1.5.16
Since the remander is , the final answer is the quotient.
Step 2.2.2.1.6
Write as a set of factors.
Step 2.2.2.2
Remove unnecessary parentheses.
Step 2.3
If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to , the entire expression will be equal to .
Step 2.4
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 2.4.1
Set equal to .
Step 2.4.2
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 2.5
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 2.5.1
Set equal to .
Step 2.5.2
Solve for .
Step 2.5.2.1
Use the quadratic formula to find the solutions.
Step 2.5.2.2
Substitute the values , , and into the quadratic formula and solve for .
Step 2.5.2.3
Simplify.
Step 2.5.2.3.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.5.2.3.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.5.2.3.1.2
Multiply .
Step 2.5.2.3.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.5.2.3.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.5.2.3.1.3
Add and .
Step 2.5.2.3.1.4
Rewrite as .
Step 2.5.2.3.1.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.5.2.3.1.4.2
Rewrite as .
Step 2.5.2.3.1.5
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 2.5.2.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.5.2.3.3
Simplify .
Step 2.5.2.4
Simplify the expression to solve for the portion of the .
Step 2.5.2.4.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.5.2.4.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.5.2.4.1.2
Multiply .
Step 2.5.2.4.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.5.2.4.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.5.2.4.1.3
Add and .
Step 2.5.2.4.1.4
Rewrite as .
Step 2.5.2.4.1.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.5.2.4.1.4.2
Rewrite as .
Step 2.5.2.4.1.5
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 2.5.2.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.5.2.4.3
Simplify .
Step 2.5.2.4.4
Change the to .
Step 2.5.2.5
Simplify the expression to solve for the portion of the .
Step 2.5.2.5.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.5.2.5.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.5.2.5.1.2
Multiply .
Step 2.5.2.5.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.5.2.5.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.5.2.5.1.3
Add and .
Step 2.5.2.5.1.4
Rewrite as .
Step 2.5.2.5.1.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.5.2.5.1.4.2
Rewrite as .
Step 2.5.2.5.1.5
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 2.5.2.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.5.2.5.3
Simplify .
Step 2.5.2.5.4
Change the to .
Step 2.5.2.6
The final answer is the combination of both solutions.
Step 2.6
The final solution is all the values that make true.
Step 3
Step 3.1
The domain of the expression is all real numbers except where the expression is undefined. In this case, there is no real number that makes the expression undefined.
Step 4
Step 4.1
Evaluate at .
Step 4.1.1
Substitute for .
Step 4.1.2
Simplify.
Step 4.1.2.1
Simplify the expression.
Step 4.1.2.1.1
Add and .
Step 4.1.2.1.2
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 4.1.2.2
Simplify each term.
Step 4.1.2.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.2.2.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 4.1.2.2.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.2.2.2.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.1.2.2.2.1.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 4.1.2.2.2.2
Add and .
Step 4.1.2.2.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.1.2.3
Simplify the expression.
Step 4.1.2.3.1
Subtract from .
Step 4.1.2.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.2
Evaluate at .
Step 4.2.1
Substitute for .
Step 4.2.2
Simplify.
Step 4.2.2.1
Simplify the expression.
Step 4.2.2.1.1
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 4.2.2.1.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 4.2.2.1.3
Add and .
Step 4.2.2.1.4
Apply the product rule to .
Step 4.2.2.1.5
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.2.2.1.6
Rewrite as .
Step 4.2.2.2
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 4.2.2.2.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.2.2.2.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.2.2.2.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.2.2.3
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 4.2.2.3.1
Simplify each term.
Step 4.2.2.3.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.2.2.3.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 4.2.2.3.1.3
Combine using the product rule for radicals.
Step 4.2.2.3.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 4.2.2.3.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 4.2.2.3.1.6
Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.
Step 4.2.2.3.2
Add and .
Step 4.2.2.3.3
Add and .
Step 4.2.2.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 4.2.2.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.2.2.4.2
Factor out of .
Step 4.2.2.4.3
Factor out of .
Step 4.2.2.4.4
Cancel the common factors.
Step 4.2.2.4.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.2.2.4.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 4.2.2.4.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 4.2.2.5
Simplify each term.
Step 4.2.2.5.1
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 4.2.2.5.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 4.2.2.5.1.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 4.2.2.5.2
Apply the product rule to .
Step 4.2.2.5.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.2.2.5.4
Rewrite as .
Step 4.2.2.5.5
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 4.2.2.5.5.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.2.2.5.5.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.2.2.5.5.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.2.2.5.6
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 4.2.2.5.6.1
Simplify each term.
Step 4.2.2.5.6.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.2.2.5.6.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.2.2.5.6.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 4.2.2.5.6.1.4
Combine using the product rule for radicals.
Step 4.2.2.5.6.1.5
Multiply by .
Step 4.2.2.5.6.1.6
Rewrite as .
Step 4.2.2.5.6.1.7
Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.
Step 4.2.2.5.6.2
Add and .
Step 4.2.2.5.6.3
Add and .
Step 4.2.2.5.7
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 4.2.2.5.7.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.2.2.5.7.2
Factor out of .
Step 4.2.2.5.7.3
Factor out of .
Step 4.2.2.5.7.4
Cancel the common factors.
Step 4.2.2.5.7.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.2.2.5.7.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 4.2.2.5.7.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 4.2.2.6
Simplify the expression.
Step 4.2.2.6.1
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 4.2.2.6.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 4.2.2.7
Simplify each term.
Step 4.2.2.7.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 4.2.2.7.1.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.2.2.7.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.2.2.7.1.3
Subtract from .
Step 4.2.2.7.1.4
Subtract from .
Step 4.2.2.7.2
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 4.2.2.8
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 4.2.2.9
Combine fractions.
Step 4.2.2.9.1
Combine and .
Step 4.2.2.9.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 4.2.2.10
Simplify the numerator.
Step 4.2.2.10.1
Move to the left of .
Step 4.2.2.10.2
Add and .
Step 4.2.2.11
Multiply .
Step 4.2.2.11.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.2.2.11.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.2.2.12
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.2.2.13
Multiply .
Step 4.2.2.13.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.2.2.13.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.2.2.13.3
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 4.2.2.13.4
Add and .
Step 4.2.2.14
Simplify each term.
Step 4.2.2.14.1
Rewrite as .
Step 4.2.2.14.1.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 4.2.2.14.1.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 4.2.2.14.1.3
Combine and .
Step 4.2.2.14.1.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 4.2.2.14.1.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 4.2.2.14.1.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 4.2.2.14.1.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 4.2.2.14.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.3
Evaluate at .
Step 4.3.1
Substitute for .
Step 4.3.2
Simplify.
Step 4.3.2.1
Simplify the expression.
Step 4.3.2.1.1
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 4.3.2.1.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 4.3.2.1.3
Add and .
Step 4.3.2.1.4
Apply the product rule to .
Step 4.3.2.1.5
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.3.2.1.6
Rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.2
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 4.3.2.2.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.3.2.2.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.3.2.2.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.3.2.3
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 4.3.2.3.1
Simplify each term.
Step 4.3.2.3.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.3.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.3.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.3.1.4
Multiply .
Step 4.3.2.3.1.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.3.1.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.3.1.4.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.3.2.3.1.4.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.3.2.3.1.4.5
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 4.3.2.3.1.4.6
Add and .
Step 4.3.2.3.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.3.1.5.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.3.1.5.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 4.3.2.3.1.5.3
Combine and .
Step 4.3.2.3.1.5.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 4.3.2.3.1.5.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 4.3.2.3.1.5.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 4.3.2.3.1.5.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 4.3.2.3.2
Add and .
Step 4.3.2.3.3
Subtract from .
Step 4.3.2.4
Simplify terms.
Step 4.3.2.4.1
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 4.3.2.4.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.3.2.4.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 4.3.2.4.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 4.3.2.4.1.4
Cancel the common factors.
Step 4.3.2.4.1.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.3.2.4.1.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 4.3.2.4.1.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 4.3.2.4.2
Simplify each term.
Step 4.3.2.4.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 4.3.2.4.2.1.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 4.3.2.4.2.2
Apply the product rule to .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.4
Rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.5
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 4.3.2.4.2.5.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.3.2.4.2.5.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.3.2.4.2.5.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.1
Simplify each term.
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.1.4
Multiply .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.1.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.1.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.1.4.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.1.4.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.1.4.5
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.1.4.6
Add and .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.1.5.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.1.5.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.1.5.3
Combine and .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.1.5.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.1.5.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.1.5.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.1.5.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.2
Add and .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.6.3
Subtract from .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.7
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.7.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.7.2
Factor out of .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.7.3
Factor out of .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.7.4
Cancel the common factors.
Step 4.3.2.4.2.7.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.3.2.4.2.7.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 4.3.2.4.2.7.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 4.3.2.4.3
Simplify the expression.
Step 4.3.2.4.3.1
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 4.3.2.4.3.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 4.3.2.5
Simplify the numerator.
Step 4.3.2.5.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.3.2.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.5.3
Multiply .
Step 4.3.2.5.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.5.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.5.4
Subtract from .
Step 4.3.2.5.5
Add and .
Step 4.3.2.6
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.7
Combine fractions.
Step 4.3.2.7.1
Combine and .
Step 4.3.2.7.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 4.3.2.8
Simplify the numerator.
Step 4.3.2.8.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.8.2
Subtract from .
Step 4.3.2.9
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 4.3.2.10
Multiply .
Step 4.3.2.10.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.10.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.3.2.11
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.3.2.12
Multiply .
Step 4.3.2.12.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.3.2.12.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.3.2.12.3
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 4.3.2.12.4
Add and .
Step 4.3.2.13
Simplify each term.
Step 4.3.2.13.1
Rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.13.1.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.13.1.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 4.3.2.13.1.3
Combine and .
Step 4.3.2.13.1.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 4.3.2.13.1.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 4.3.2.13.1.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 4.3.2.13.1.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 4.3.2.13.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.4
List all of the points.
Step 5