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Calculus Examples
Step 1
Step 1.1
Find the first derivative.
Step 1.1.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.1.2
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 1.1.3
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Step 1.1.3.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 1.1.3.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.1.3.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 1.1.4
Differentiate.
Step 1.1.4.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.1.4.2
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.1.4.3
Add and .
Step 1.1.4.4
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.1.4.5
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.4.6
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.1.4.7
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.4.8
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.1.4.9
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5
Simplify.
Step 1.1.5.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.1.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5.3
Factor out of .
Step 1.1.5.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 1.1.5.3.2
Factor out of .
Step 1.1.5.3.3
Factor out of .
Step 1.1.5.4
Subtract from .
Step 1.1.5.5
Rewrite as .
Step 1.1.5.6
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 1.1.5.6.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.1.5.6.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.1.5.6.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.1.5.7
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 1.1.5.7.1
Simplify each term.
Step 1.1.5.7.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5.7.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5.7.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5.7.1.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.1.5.7.1.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 1.1.5.7.1.5.1
Move .
Step 1.1.5.7.1.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5.7.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5.7.1.7
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5.7.2
Subtract from .
Step 1.1.5.8
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.1.5.9
Simplify.
Step 1.1.5.9.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5.9.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5.10
Expand by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.
Step 1.1.5.11
Simplify each term.
Step 1.1.5.11.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5.11.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5.11.3
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.1.5.11.4
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 1.1.5.11.4.1
Move .
Step 1.1.5.11.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5.11.5
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5.11.6
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5.11.7
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.1.5.11.8
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 1.1.5.11.8.1
Move .
Step 1.1.5.11.8.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5.11.8.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.1.5.11.8.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.1.5.11.8.3
Add and .
Step 1.1.5.11.9
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5.11.10
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.5.12
Subtract from .
Step 1.1.5.13
Add and .
Step 1.2
The first derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2
Step 2.1
Set the first derivative equal to .
Step 2.2
Factor the left side of the equation.
Step 2.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.1.4
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.1.5
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.1.6
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.1.7
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.2
Reorder terms.
Step 2.2.3
Factor.
Step 2.2.3.1
Factor using the rational roots test.
Step 2.2.3.1.1
If a polynomial function has integer coefficients, then every rational zero will have the form where is a factor of the constant and is a factor of the leading coefficient.
Step 2.2.3.1.2
Find every combination of . These are the possible roots of the polynomial function.
Step 2.2.3.1.3
Substitute and simplify the expression. In this case, the expression is equal to so is a root of the polynomial.
Step 2.2.3.1.3.1
Substitute into the polynomial.
Step 2.2.3.1.3.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.2.3.1.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.3.1.3.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.2.3.1.3.5
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.3.1.3.6
Add and .
Step 2.2.3.1.3.7
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.3.1.3.8
Subtract from .
Step 2.2.3.1.3.9
Add and .
Step 2.2.3.1.4
Since is a known root, divide the polynomial by to find the quotient polynomial. This polynomial can then be used to find the remaining roots.
Step 2.2.3.1.5
Divide by .
Step 2.2.3.1.5.1
Set up the polynomials to be divided. If there is not a term for every exponent, insert one with a value of .
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Step 2.2.3.1.5.2
Divide the highest order term in the dividend by the highest order term in divisor .
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Step 2.2.3.1.5.3
Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.
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Step 2.2.3.1.5.4
The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in
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+ | - |
Step 2.2.3.1.5.5
After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.
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+ |
Step 2.2.3.1.5.6
Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.
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+ | - |
Step 2.2.3.1.5.7
Divide the highest order term in the dividend by the highest order term in divisor .
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+ | - |
Step 2.2.3.1.5.8
Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.
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+ | - |
Step 2.2.3.1.5.9
The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in
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- | + |
Step 2.2.3.1.5.10
After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.
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Step 2.2.3.1.5.11
Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.
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- | + |
Step 2.2.3.1.5.12
Divide the highest order term in the dividend by the highest order term in divisor .
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- | + |
Step 2.2.3.1.5.13
Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.
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- | + |
Step 2.2.3.1.5.14
The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in
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+ | - |
Step 2.2.3.1.5.15
After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.
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Step 2.2.3.1.5.16
Since the remander is , the final answer is the quotient.
Step 2.2.3.1.6
Write as a set of factors.
Step 2.2.3.2
Remove unnecessary parentheses.
Step 2.2.4
Factor.
Step 2.2.4.1
Factor by grouping.
Step 2.2.4.1.1
For a polynomial of the form , rewrite the middle term as a sum of two terms whose product is and whose sum is .
Step 2.2.4.1.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.4.1.1.2
Rewrite as plus
Step 2.2.4.1.1.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.2.4.1.2
Factor out the greatest common factor from each group.
Step 2.2.4.1.2.1
Group the first two terms and the last two terms.
Step 2.2.4.1.2.2
Factor out the greatest common factor (GCF) from each group.
Step 2.2.4.1.3
Factor the polynomial by factoring out the greatest common factor, .
Step 2.2.4.2
Remove unnecessary parentheses.
Step 2.2.5
Combine exponents.
Step 2.2.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.5.2
Rewrite as .
Step 2.2.5.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.5.4
Rewrite as .
Step 2.2.5.5
Remove parentheses.
Step 2.2.5.6
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.2.5.7
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.2.5.8
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.2.5.9
Add and .
Step 2.2.5.10
Multiply by .
Step 2.3
If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to , the entire expression will be equal to .
Step 2.4
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 2.4.1
Set equal to .
Step 2.4.2
Add to both sides of the equation.
Step 2.5
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 2.5.1
Set equal to .
Step 2.5.2
Solve for .
Step 2.5.2.1
Set the equal to .
Step 2.5.2.2
Add to both sides of the equation.
Step 2.6
The final solution is all the values that make true.
Step 3
Step 3.1
The domain of the expression is all real numbers except where the expression is undefined. In this case, there is no real number that makes the expression undefined.
Step 4
Step 4.1
Evaluate at .
Step 4.1.1
Substitute for .
Step 4.1.2
Simplify.
Step 4.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.2.3
Subtract from .
Step 4.1.2.4
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 4.1.2.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.2.4.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.1.2.4.1.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 4.1.2.4.2
Add and .
Step 4.1.2.5
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.2
Evaluate at .
Step 4.2.1
Substitute for .
Step 4.2.2
Simplify.
Step 4.2.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.2.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.2.2.3
Subtract from .
Step 4.2.2.4
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 4.2.2.5
Multiply by .
Step 4.3
List all of the points.
Step 5