Calculus Examples

Find the Inflection Points f(x)=3x^4+4x^3
Step 1
Find the second derivative.
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Step 1.1
Find the first derivative.
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Step 1.1.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.1.2
Evaluate .
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Step 1.1.2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.1.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.1.2.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.1.3
Evaluate .
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Step 1.1.3.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.1.3.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.1.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.2
Find the second derivative.
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Step 1.2.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.2
Evaluate .
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Step 1.2.2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.2.2.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.2.3
Evaluate .
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Step 1.2.3.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.3.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.2.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.3
The second derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2
Set the second derivative equal to then solve the equation .
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Step 2.1
Set the second derivative equal to .
Step 2.2
Factor out of .
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Step 2.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.3
If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to , the entire expression will be equal to .
Step 2.4
Set equal to .
Step 2.5
Set equal to and solve for .
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Step 2.5.1
Set equal to .
Step 2.5.2
Solve for .
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Step 2.5.2.1
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 2.5.2.2
Divide each term in by and simplify.
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Step 2.5.2.2.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 2.5.2.2.2
Simplify the left side.
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Step 2.5.2.2.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 2.5.2.2.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 2.5.2.2.2.1.2
Divide by .
Step 2.5.2.2.3
Simplify the right side.
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Step 2.5.2.2.3.1
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.6
The final solution is all the values that make true.
Step 3
Find the points where the second derivative is .
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Step 3.1
Substitute in to find the value of .
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Step 3.1.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 3.1.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 3.1.2.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 3.1.2.1.1
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 3.1.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.1.2.1.3
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 3.1.2.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 3.1.2.2
Add and .
Step 3.1.2.3
The final answer is .
Step 3.2
The point found by substituting in is . This point can be an inflection point.
Step 3.3
Substitute in to find the value of .
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Step 3.3.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 3.3.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 3.3.2.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 3.3.2.1.1
Use the power rule to distribute the exponent.
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Step 3.3.2.1.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 3.3.2.1.1.2
Apply the product rule to .
Step 3.3.2.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.3.2.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 3.3.2.1.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.3.2.1.5
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.3.2.1.6
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 3.3.2.1.6.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.3.2.1.6.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.3.2.1.6.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 3.3.2.1.7
Use the power rule to distribute the exponent.
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Step 3.3.2.1.7.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 3.3.2.1.7.2
Apply the product rule to .
Step 3.3.2.1.8
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.3.2.1.9
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.3.2.1.10
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.3.2.1.11
Multiply .
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Step 3.3.2.1.11.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.3.2.1.11.2
Combine and .
Step 3.3.2.1.11.3
Multiply by .
Step 3.3.2.1.12
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3.3.2.2
Combine fractions.
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Step 3.3.2.2.1
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 3.3.2.2.2
Simplify the expression.
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Step 3.3.2.2.2.1
Subtract from .
Step 3.3.2.2.2.2
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3.3.2.3
The final answer is .
Step 3.4
The point found by substituting in is . This point can be an inflection point.
Step 3.5
Determine the points that could be inflection points.
Step 4
Split into intervals around the points that could potentially be inflection points.
Step 5
Substitute a value from the interval into the second derivative to determine if it is increasing or decreasing.
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Step 5.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 5.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 5.2.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 5.2.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.2.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 5.2.2
Subtract from .
Step 5.2.3
The final answer is .
Step 5.3
At , the second derivative is . Since this is positive, the second derivative is increasing on the interval .
Increasing on since
Increasing on since
Step 6
Substitute a value from the interval into the second derivative to determine if it is increasing or decreasing.
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Step 6.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 6.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 6.2.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 6.2.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 6.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 6.2.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 6.2.2
Subtract from .
Step 6.2.3
The final answer is .
Step 6.3
At , the second derivative is . Since this is negative, the second derivative is decreasing on the interval
Decreasing on since
Decreasing on since
Step 7
Substitute a value from the interval into the second derivative to determine if it is increasing or decreasing.
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Step 7.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 7.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 7.2.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 7.2.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 7.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 7.2.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 7.2.2
Add and .
Step 7.2.3
The final answer is .
Step 7.3
At , the second derivative is . Since this is positive, the second derivative is increasing on the interval .
Increasing on since
Increasing on since
Step 8
An inflection point is a point on a curve at which the concavity changes sign from plus to minus or from minus to plus. The inflection points in this case are .
Step 9