Calculus Examples

$\tan (\sqrt{1 - x})$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{1 - x}$ as ${(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\tan ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}})]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \tan (x)$ and $g (x) = {(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as ${(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [\tan (u_{1})] \frac{d}{d x} [{(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 2.2

The derivative of $\tan (u_{1})$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $\sec^{2} (u_{1})$ .

$\sec^{2} (u_{1}) \frac{d}{d x} [{(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with ${(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [{(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = 1 - x$ .

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Step 3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $1 - x$ .

$\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}) (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}}] \frac{d}{d x} [1 - x])$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{2}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}) (\frac{1}{2} {u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [1 - x])$

Step 3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $1 - x$ .

$\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}) (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [1 - x])$

Step 4

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}) (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 - x])$

Step 5

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}) (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 - x])$

Step 6

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}) (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x)}^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 - x])$

Step 7

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 7.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}) (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x)}^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 - x])$

Step 7.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}) (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x)}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 - x])$

Step 8

Combine fractions.

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Step 8.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}) (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x)}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 - x])$

Step 8.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and ${(1 - x)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}) (\frac{{(1 - x)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [1 - x])$

Step 8.3

Move ${(1 - x)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}) (\frac{1}{2 {(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 - x])$

Step 8.4

Combine $\frac{1}{2 {(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}})$ .

$\frac{\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2 {(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 - x]$

Step 9

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $1 - x$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x]$ .

$\frac{\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2 {(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x])$

Step 10

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2 {(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (0 + \frac{d}{d x} [- x])$

Step 11

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d x} [- x]$ .

$\frac{\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2 {(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [- x]$

Step 12

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- x$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2 {(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (- \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 13

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2 {(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (- 1 \cdot 1)$

Step 14

Combine fractions.

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Step 14.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2 {(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot - 1$

Step 14.2

Combine $\frac{\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2 {(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $- 1$ .

$\frac{\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot - 1}{2 {(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 14.3

Simplify the expression.

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Step 14.3.1

Move $- 1$ to the left of $\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}})$ .

$\frac{- 1 \cdot \sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2 {(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 14.3.2

Rewrite $- 1 \sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}})$ as $- \sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}})$ .

$\frac{- \sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2 {(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 14.3.3

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{\sec^{2} ({(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2 {(1 - x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$